CuO（-CeO2）/SBA-15对萘氧化的催化活性及CO2选择性研究

通过浸渍法制备CuO/SBA-15和CuO-CeO2/SBA-15两种介孔材料催化剂,采用BET、XRD、TPR和XPS等对催化剂进行表征,重点考察催化剂对萘氧化反应的催化活性及对产物CO2的选择性。BET、XRD和XPS等实验结果表明CuO高度分散于介孔分子筛SBA-15中,CeO2可促进CuO在载体上的分散,同时能降低催化剂的TPR还原温度。活性测试结果表明CuO/SBA-15对萘氧化反应的催化活性较高,但是催化氧化的CO2选择性较低,温度在380℃时CO2的生成率仅为60%左右;CeO2的添加不仅提高了CO2的生成率,15%CuO-15%CeO2/SBA-15在325℃使CO2生成率达到99%,而且CeO2增强了催化剂的稳定性。     

Molecular docking: A potential tool to aid ecotoxicity testing in environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals

A cocktail of human pharmaceuticals pollute aquatic environments and there is considerable scientific uncertainty about the effects that this may have on aquatic organisms. Human drug target proteins can be highly conserved in non target species suggesting that similar modes of action (MoA) may occur. The aim of this work was to explore whether molecular docking offers a potential tool to predict the effects of pharmaceutical compounds on non target organisms. Three highly prescribed drugs, diclofenac, ibuprofen and levonorgestrel which regularly pollute freshwater environments were used as examples. Their primary drug targets are cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and progesterone receptor (PR). Molecular docking experiments were performed using these drugs and their primary drug target homologues for Danio rerio, Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Xenopus tropicalis, Xenopus laevis and Daphnia pulex. The results show that fish and frog COX2 enzymes are likely to bind diclofenac and ibuprofen in the same way as humans but that D. pulex would not. Binding will probably lead to inhibition of COX function and reduced prostaglandin production. Levonorgestrel was found to bind in the same binding pocket of the progesterone receptor in frogs and fish as the human form. This suggests implications for the fecundity of fish and frogs which are exposed to levonorgestrel. Chronic ecotoxicological effects of these drugs reported in the literature support these findings. Molecular docking may provide a valuable tool for ecotoxicity tests by guiding selection of test species and incorporating the MoA of drugs for relevant chronic test end points in environmental risk assessments.     

混凝一气浮控制三卤甲烷生成势的研究

研究了混凝一气浮工艺对不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（trihalomethanes formation potential,THMFP）的去除效果及絮体形态对THMFP去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝一气浮工艺以去除大分子量区间THMFP为主,对小分子量区间THMFP的去除效果较差。UV254值与THMFP值的线性相关系数为0．9449,UV254值可以较好地反映THMFP的含量。絮体的分形维数为1．17～1．2时,孔隙率较大,可增加絮体对THMFP的活性吸附空间,且絮体相对密度较小,可增强同向絮凝作用,增加絮体和THMFP的接触概率,有利于气浮对THMFP的去除。     

阶式生物接触氧化对富营养化太湖水源水中溶解有机物的去除性能研究

构建阶式生物接触氧化反应器处理富营养化太湖水源水,对其净水效能进行研究。结果表明,在优化工况条件下,阶式生物氧化反应器的三阶对太湖水源水中DOC的累积去除率分别为34．4％、40．2％和47．5％,对BDOC的总去除率为68．4％,除生物降解外,填料拦截、生物吸附絮凝等物理、化学作用对去除原水中的DOC仍有重要作用。DOC分子量分级表明,太湖源水中含量最大的是分子量〈500Da的DOC,含量最小的是分子量在5k～500Da间的DOC。阶式生物接触氧化反应器对分子量〈500 Da的DOC的去除率在60％以上,而出水中5k～500 Da区间的DOC含量相比原水增加近1倍。     

Atmospheric fate of non-volatile and ionizable compounds

A modified version of the Multimedia Activity Model for Ionics MAMI, including two-layered atmosphere, air-water interface partitioning, intermittent rainfall and variable cloud coverage was developed to simulate the atmospheric fate of ten low volatility or ionizable organic chemicals. Probabilistic simulations describing the uncertainty of substance and environmental input properties were run to evaluate the impact of atmospheric parameters, ionization and air-water (or air-ice) interface enrichment.The rate of degradation and the concentration of OH radicals, the duration of dry and wet periods, and the parameters describing air-water partitioning (K_AW and temperature) and ionization (pK_a and pH) are the key parameters determining the potential for long range transport. Wet deposition is an important removal process, but its efficiency is limited, primarily by the duration of the dry period between precipitation events.Given the underlying model assumptions, the presence of clouds contributes to the higher persistence in the troposphere because of the capacity of cloud water to accumulate and transport non-volatile (e.g. 2,4-D) and surface-active chemicals (e.g. PFOA). This limits the efficiency of wet deposition from the troposphere enhancing long-range transport.     

制药废水有机污染物特性分析与处理

分析了某制药企业废水生物处理站进出水中有机污染物的相对分子质量分布和气相色谱—质谱图谱,提出了根据废水水质特性有针对性地确定制药废水处理工艺的新思路.实验结果表明:进出水中的有机污染物主要是相对分子质量小于1 000的物质,且主要来源于车间5排放的COD比重大、水量小的工段废水;采用旋转蒸馏预处理法处理车间5废水,可使...     

大连市农业循环经济发展主要途径与模式

简要总结国内外农业循环经济发展概况及成功经验,简要介绍＂十二五＂期间,大连发展农业循环经济的主要途径与模式,为我国农业循环经济发展提供参考借鉴。     

分子筛吸附法脱除废水中的聚丙烯酰胺

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)用于油田驱油产生大量难处理的含聚废水。以分子筛为吸附剂处理含聚废水,研究分子筛类型(Y、Beta和ZSM-5,H型和Na型)和物化性质对其吸附PAM性能的影响,并测定吸附等温线。结果表明,吸附性能顺序为BetaYZSM-5,H型优于Na型。H-Beta对PAM的吸附来自分子筛中阳离子与PAM中阴离子的静电作用,Si—O和Al—OH与PAM中酰胺基的氢键作用。H-Beta开放的通道结构,较高的介孔比例和表面积,较强的酸性和良好的酸中心可接近性使其具有优异的吸附性能。Si O2/Al2O3=26的H-Beta对浓度为200 mg/L的PAM溶液,PAM脱除率可达95.2%。在低PAM平衡浓度时,PAM在H-Beta上的吸附符合Langmuir单层吸附特征,饱和吸附量达70.2 mg/g,在高浓度区域则由于PAM疏水缔合作用加强呈现多层吸附。     

铁盐与铝盐对腈纶废水生化出水混凝特性的对比

针对腈纶废水生化单元出水,对比研究了Al2(SO4)3和Fe2(SO4)3在不同絮凝剂投量和p H时的混凝处理效果,并利用紫外-可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)、凝胶渗透色谱(HPSEC)等对混凝特性进行了初步探讨。研究显示,2种混凝剂在投量为63.5 mg/L时可获得30%以上的COD去除率,且最佳p H为中性附近。当投量小于32 mg/L时,Al2(SO4)3较Fe2(SO4)3具有更高的COD去除率,进一步增大混凝剂的投量很难提高Al2(SO4)3对COD的去除率,而Fe2(SO4)3则在有限范围内能持续提高COD去除率。EEM光谱分析显示,与Al2(SO4)3相比,Fe2(SO4)3对有机物具有更广的处理范围和更好的去除效果。HPSEC分析表明,Fe2(SO4)3相对于Al2(SO4)3在去除重均分子量为2 776、1 856和1 325 Da的有机物组分方面具有优势。铁盐或铝盐混凝是深度净化腈纶废水生化单元出水的可行方案之一。     

Pseudomonas sp.fz胞外分离物降解四溴双酚A

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)是全球消耗量最大的溴系阻燃剂。通过活性物质的定位、分离和TBBPA产物的分析等步骤,对Pseudomonas sp.fz胞外分离物降解TBBPA进行了研究。结果表明,存在于胞外的活性物质通过异丙基断裂和脱溴两条途径降解TBBPA。通过超滤,Sephadex G-10分离纯化得到了具有降解活性的小分子物质,分子量约为376~456 Da,初步鉴定为短肽类物质。这种小分子物质具有很好的热稳定性(30~80℃),在弱酸性条件下(2.0~5.0)活性较高,其活性还受金属离子、氧气和抑制剂(Na N3)的影响。此外,部分纯化的小分子物质在一定条件下能够产生羟基自由基(·OH)。