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781.
Victor M. Deantes-Espinosa Tian-Yuan Zhang Xiao-Xiong Wang Yinhu Wu Guo-Hua Dao Hong-Ying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):57
782.
Evolution of unsaturated hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste with landfill depth and age 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Successful modeling of liquid and air flow and hence designing of liquid and air addition systems in the landfills are constrained by the lack of key parameters of unsaturated hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW), which are strongly dependent on the depth of burial and the degree of decomposition. In this study, water retention curves (WRC) of MSW are measured using pressure plate method on samples repacked according to the in situ unit weight measured during borehole sampling, representing the MSW in shallow, middle, and deep layers. The measured WRC of MSW is well-reproduced by the van Genuchten-Mualem model, and is used to predict the unsaturated hydraulic properties of MSW, including water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The estimated model parameters are consistent with other studies, suggesting that the pressure plate method yields reproducible results. As the landfill depth and age increase, the overburden pressure, the highly decomposed organic matter and finer pore space increase, hence the capillary pressure increases, causing increases in air-entry values, field capacity and residual water content, and decreases in steepness of WRC and saturated water content. The unsaturated hydraulic properties of MSW undergo changes with landfill depth and age, showing more silt loam-like properties as the landfill age increases. 相似文献
783.
研究了在高速列车作用下,由运行质量变化和沿线路方向的弹性基础支撑的非均匀性等所引起的对铁道线路的垂向动态响应。在时域内使用FEA法推导建立了高速列车/线路系统相互作用的运动方程,通过使用数值积分算法,分析了车辆运行速度、移动质量、线路的弹性基础支撑及其非均匀性等参数变化对铁道线路动态性能的影响,通过与通用分析模型结果进行的对比显示了良好的一致性。研究表明轨枕失效区域对钢轨的动态响应影响显著,在非均匀弹性基础支撑上钢轨的变形与移动质量的大小成反比,但在均匀基础支撑上钢轨的变形则与移动质量的大小无关。 相似文献
784.
新型环保节能建筑材料——泡沫玻璃 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
主要介绍了泡沫玻璃的概念、所用原料及生产,以及做为一种新型环保节能建筑材料的优良性能和使用技术,并分析了它的使用前景. 相似文献
785.
目前应用的隔震系统往往处于非线性工作状态,隔震设计仍基本停留在线性隔震理论的基础上,使隔震系统的设计存在诸多缺陷,因此加强对非线性隔震理论的研究十分重要。用指数型刚度表示的隔震系统在非线性隔震系统中有较强的代表性,只要改变指数参数的正负号就可以简单地反映出隔震材料或隔震元件的硬特性或软特性。通过对隔震系统建立的数学模型在核爆近区和远区的地冲击加速度作用下的隔震性能进行数值计算分析,证明隔震系统刚度特性对隔震性能有很大影响,该分析方法对隔震材料的选择和系统的设计有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
786.
Bioabsorbable soy protein plastic composites: Effect of polyphosphate fillers on water absorption and mechanical properties 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The use of synthetic and natural bioabsorbable plastics has been severely limited due to their low stiffness and strength
properties as well as their strong tendency to absorb moisture. This research focused on the development of bioabsorbable
polyphosphate filler/soy protein plastic composites with enhanced stiffness, strength, and water resistance. Bioabsorbable
polyphosphate fillers, biodegradable soy protein isolate, plasticizer, and adhesion promoter were homogenized and compression-molded.
Physical, mechanical, and water absorption testing was performed on the molded specimens. Results showed improvements in stiffness,
strength, and water resistance with increasing polyphosphate filler content up to 20% by weight. Application of a coupling
agent produced further mechanical property enhancements and a dramatic improvement in water resistance, interpreted by an
interfacial chemical bonding model. Examination of the fracture surfaces of the materials revealed that the addition of the
polyphosphate fillers changed the failure mode from brittle to pseudo-ductile. These results suggest that these materials
are suitable for many load-bearing applications in both humid and dry environments where current soy protein plastics are
not usable. 相似文献
787.
Dae-lyoung Lim Seung-soon Im Jeong-seok Han Sang-hyun Yim Jin-sung Kim Young-mok Lee 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(4):191-197
Extrusion with an intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruder with a limited amount of water caused structural changes in
corn starch. The structural changes resulted in a transformation-from a semicrystalline to an amorphous state and the development
of orientation of molecular chains in the amorphous region during extrusion. These structural changes, in turn, caused an
increase in theT
g, tensile strength, and resilience of the extruded corn starch. Our experimental results showed that the tensile properties
and resilience of the expanded corn starch extruded at 240‡C were the best: tensile strength, 1.7 kPa; tensile modulus, 40.4
kPa; and resilience, 57.2%. Extrusion produced an expanded corn starch suitable for protective loose-fill. 相似文献
788.
Robert H. Webb H. Craig Ragland William H. Godwin Oennis Jenkins 《Environmental management》1978,2(3):219-233
The effects of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on the physical and chemical properties of 6 soil series were measured at Hollister Hills State Vehicular Recreation Area in central California. Accelerated soil erosion and the alteration of surface strength, bulk density, soil moisture, temperature, and soil nutrients were quantified to gain an insight into the difficulty of revegetating altered, or modified, areas.Erosion is severe at Hollister Hills, particularly in coarse grained soils on steep slopes. Erosion displaced 0.5 and 3.0 metric tons per square meter on 2 trails on gravelly sandy loam, and 0.3 metric tons/m2 from a trail on sandy loam. The surface strength and bulk density increased while the soil moisture decreased in gravelly sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, and clay. Clay loam had an increased surface strength with variably increased bulk density and no decrease in soil moisture. Diurnal temperature fluctuations increased and organic material and soil nutrients decreased in soil modified by vehicles.These property changes increase the erosion potential of the soil, impede germination of seedlings, and slow natural revegetation. Management methods in ORV-use areas should include planning trails by prior application of the universal soil loss equation and soil surveys, trail closure before complete loss of the soil mantle, and revegetation of closed areas. 相似文献
789.
Teruyuki Kobayashi Akinori Sugiyama Yoshiyuki Kawase Terumi Saito Joris Mergaert Jean Swings 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(1):9-18
To determine the properties of enzymes from bacteria that degrade polypropiolactone (PPL), we isolated 13 PPL-degrading bacteria from pond water, river water, and soil. Nine of these strains were identified as Acidovorax sp., three as Variovorax paradoxus, and one as Sphingomonas paucimobilis. All the isolates also degraded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). A PPL-degrading enzyme was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity from one of these bacteria, designated Acidovorax sp. TP4. The purified enzyme also degraded PHB. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as about 50,000. The enzyme activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, dithiothreitol, and Triton X-100. The structural gene of the depolymerase was cloned in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA fragment contained an open reading frame (1476 bp) specifying a protein with a deduced molecular weight of 50,961 (491 amino acids). The deduced overall sequence was very similar to that of a PHB depolymerase of Comamonas acidovorans YM1609. From these results it was concluded that the isolated PPL-degrading enzyme belongs to the class of PHB depolymerases. A conserved amino acid sequence, Gly-X1-Ser-X2-Gly (lipase box), was found at the N-terminal side of the amino acid sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the TP4 enzyme confirmed that 20Ser in the lipase box was essential for the enzyme activity. This is the first report of the isolation a PHB depolymerase from Acidovorax. 相似文献
790.
Novel Biobased Polyurethanes Synthesized from Soybean Phosphate Ester Polyols: Thermomechanical Properties Evaluations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J.-P. Latere Dwan'Isa A. K. Mohanty M. Misra L. T. Drzal M. Kazemizadeh 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(4):161-168
Biobased polyurethanes from soybean oil–derived polyols and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) are prepared and their thermomechanical properties are studied and evaluated. The cross-linked biobased polyurethanes being prepared from soy phosphate ester polyols with hydroxyl contents ranging from 122 to 145 mg KOH/g and pMDI within 5 min of reaction time at 150°C in absence of any catalyst show cross-linking densities ranging from 1.8 × 103 to 3.0 × 103
M/m3, whereas glass transition temperatures vary from approximately 69 to 82°C. The loss factor (tan ) curves show single peaks for all these biobased polyurethanes, thus indicating a single-phase system. The storage moduli (G) at 30°C range from 4 × 108 to 1.3 × 109 Pa. Upon postcure at 150°C, the thermomechanical properties can be optimized. Cross-link densities are improved significantly for hydroxyl content of 139 and 145 mg KOH/g at curing time of 24 h. Similarly, glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage moduli around and after Tg are increased. Meanwhile, tan intensities decrease as result of restricted chain mobility. Longer exposure time (24 h) induces thermal degradation, as evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dynamic mechanical (DMA) analysis shows that postcure at 100°C for times exceeding 24 h also leads to improved properties. However, cross-linking densities are lower compared to postcure carried out at 150°C. 相似文献