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931.
Krishna R. Reddy Hiroshan Hettiarachchi Janardhanan Gangathulasi Jean E. Bogner 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(11):2275-2286
This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation conducted to determine the variation of geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste (MSW) at different phases of degradation. Synthetic MSW samples were prepared based on the composition of MSW generated in the United States and were degraded in bioreactors with leachate recirculation. Degradation of the synthetic MSW was quantified based on the gas composition and organic content, and the samples exhumed from the bioreactor cells at different phases of degradation were tested for the geotechnical properties. Hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and shear strength of initial and degraded synthetic MSW were all determined at constant initial moisture content of 50% on wet weight basis. Hydraulic conductivity of synthetic MSW was reduced by two orders of magnitude due to degradation. Compression ratio was reduced from 0.34 for initial fresh waste to 0.15 for the mostly degraded waste. Direct shear tests showed that the fresh and degraded synthetic MSW exhibited continuous strength gain with increase in horizontal deformation, with the cohesion increased from 1 kPa for fresh MSW to 16–40 kPa for degraded MSW and the friction angle decreased from 35° for fresh MSW to 28° for degraded MSW. During the triaxial tests under CU condition, the total strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle, were found to vary from 21 to 57 kPa and 1° to 9°, respectively, while the effective strength parameters, cohesion and friction angle varied from 18 to 56 kPa and from 1° to 11°, respectively. Similar to direct shear test results, as the waste degrades an increase in cohesion and slight decrease in friction angle was observed. Decreased friction angle and increased cohesion with increased degradation is believed to be due to the highly cohesive nature of the synthetic MSW. Variation of synthetic MSW properties from this study also suggests that significant changes in geotechnical properties of MSW can occur due to enhanced degradation induced by leachate recirculation. 相似文献
932.
Xiao Han Meigen Zhang Zhiwei Han Jinyuan Xin Xiaohong Liu 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6576-6592
The air quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ is developed to assess aerosol direct radiative forcing by linking simulated meteorological parameters and aerosol mass concentration with the aerosol optical properties/radiative transfer module in this study. The module is capable of accounting for important factors that affect aerosol optical properties and radiative effect, such as incident wave length, aerosol size distribution, water uptake, and internal mixture. Subsequently, the modeling system is applied to simulate the temporal and spatial variations in mass burden, optical properties, and direct radiative forcing of diverse aerosols, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, organic carbon, dust, and sea salt over East Asia throughout 2005. Model performance is fully evaluated using various observational data, including satellite monitoring of MODIS and surface measurements of EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network), AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network), and CSHNET (Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network). The correlation coefficients of the comparisons of daily average mass concentrations of sulfate, PM2.5, and PM10 between simulations and EANET measurements are 0.70, 0.61, and 0.64, respectively. It is also determined that the modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) is in congruence with the observed results from the AERONET, the CSHNET, and the MODIS. The model results suggest that the high AOD values ranging from 0.8 to 1.2 are mainly distributed over the Sichuan Basin as well as over central and southeastern China, in East Asia. The aerosol direct radiative forcing patterns generally followed the AOD patterns. The strongest forcing effect ranging from −12 to −8 W m−2 was mainly distributed over the Sichuan Basin and the eastern China’s coastal regions in the all-sky case at TOA, and the forcing effect ranging from −8 to −4 W m−2 could be found over entire eastern China, Korea, Japan, East China Sea, and the sea areas of Japan 相似文献
933.
考察了3种不同硅铝比的ZSM-5沸石分子筛(25H、38H和50H,25、38和50为硅铝比)对水中Cu2+的吸附过程及其影响因素。结果表明,3种材料均能有效吸附去除水中Cu2+离子,动力学符合假二阶动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式。3种材料吸附速率及吸附容量顺序为:25H〉50H〉38H,其中,25H最大吸附容量达到12.83mg/g。投加量由0.8g/L增加至2.0g/L,材料对Cu2+吸附去除率由87.0%增加至97.5%。考察水中常见阳离子对吸附的干扰作用,结果表明,干扰离子的影响顺序为:Pb2+〉K+〉Na+〉Mg2+;随着干扰离子浓度的增大,材料对Cu2+的去除率显著下降。硅铝比及晶粒形貌均对沸石分子筛吸附Cu2+有较大影响,小的孔径不利于Cu2+的吸附,低硅铝比有利于Cu2+在分子筛上的吸附。 相似文献
934.
935.
Xing-Yuan Wei Ling-Zi Sang Jia-Ning Chen Ya-Xian Zhu Yong Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3150-3157
Biodegradation of dissolved fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Ph) and pyrene (Py), three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), singly or as a mixture of the three, by two bacterial strains, MEBIC 5140 (Mycobacterium flavescens) and MEBIC 5141 (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum), as well as the effects of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), e.g. malic acid, citric acid and butyric acid on biodegradation of the three PAHs in mineral salts medium aqueous solution were investigated using a newly established dual-wavelength fluorimetric method. The results showed that biodegradation processes can be monitored simultaneously, quickly and simply by dual-wavelength fluorimetry. Both co-metabolism and inhibitory effects were found during the biodegradation of the three PAHs by MEBIC 5140 and MEBIC 5141. Positive effects of butyric acid and negative effects of citric acid on biodegradation of the three PAHs in a mixture were observed. 相似文献
936.
CuO(-CeO_2)/SBA-15对萘氧化的催化活性及CO_2选择性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过浸渍法制备CuO/SBA-15和CuO-CeO2/SBA-15两种介孔材料催化剂,采用BET、XRD、TPR和XPS等对催化剂进行表征,重点考察催化剂对萘氧化反应的催化活性及对产物CO2的选择性。BET、XRD和XPS等实验结果表明CuO高度分散于介孔分子筛SBA-15中,CeO2可促进CuO在载体上的分散,同时能降低催化剂的TPR还原温度。活性测试结果表明CuO/SBA-15对萘氧化反应的催化活性较高,但是催化氧化的CO2选择性较低,温度在380℃时CO2的生成率仅为60%左右;CeO2的添加不仅提高了CO2的生成率,15%CuO-15%CeO2/SBA-15在325℃使CO2生成率达到99%,而且CeO2增强了催化剂的稳定性。 相似文献
937.
矿化垃圾基本理化性状剖面变化特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
矿化垃圾能否作为农业资源被重新利用,除应考虑有效植物营养物质的含量与是否存在有害物质外,还取决于其基本理化性状。对城市生活垃圾填埋场中经填埋6年、8年、10年后得到的矿化垃圾基本物化性状变化特征进行分析,结果表明:矿化垃圾的土粒密度显著小于对照土壤,交换性盐基总量、CEC显著大于对照土壤,pH值和对照土壤基本相当;表层(0~50 cm)矿化垃圾的土粒密度、CEC、交换性盐基总量、pH值的变化幅度依次大于中层(50~100 cm)和下层(100~150 cm);矿化垃圾的理化性状在填埋8~10年后总体趋于稳定。从植物生长的环境角度看,填埋8~10年后的矿化垃圾可以开采后作为植物生长基质、土壤改良剂等农业资源化利用。 相似文献
938.
939.
Study on the mechanism of action between dimethyl phthalate and herring sperm DNA at molecular level
Zhenxing Chi Donglin Wang Hong You 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(8):553-557
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), a typical phthalic acid ester, is widespread in the environment and causes extensive concern due to its adverse effects on human health. To understand the genotoxicity of DMP at molecular level, the toxic interaction of DMP with herring sperm (hs) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; hs-DNA) was investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions using multi-spectroscopic techniques and a molecular modeling method. The results of Ultraviolet-Visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectra indicated that DMP interacts with hs-DNA in a groove-binding mode that changes the double helical structure of DNA. The binding constant and the number of binding sites calculated from the fluorescence quenching data were 565.718 L mol?1 and 0.7872, respectively. A molecular modeling study revealed that DMP tends to bind with DNA in the A-T-rich regions of minor groove and that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play main roles in the interaction. This research can help to elucidate the mechanism of DMP toxicity in vivo. 相似文献
940.
In the present work, the crude biodiesel produced from spent fish frying oil through alkaline catalyzed transesterification was purified using a low-cost adsorbent viz. sulfonated tea waste. After separating the glycerol, the crude biodiesel was purified using the suggested adsorbent. Various methods of purification using the said adsorbent were applied such as purification using adsorption column chromatography and shaking methods. The results showed that purification using adsorption column chromatography exhibited the bst result. Properties of the purified fuels were determined and found conformed to those specified by the ASTM standards. For the sake of comparison, purification using zeolite and water washing method was also investigated. The result indicated that the suggested adsorbent was more successful on purification of the crude biodiesel compared to other methods. 相似文献