新乡市镉污染土壤细菌群落组成及其对镉固定效果

重金属污染土壤中具有丰富的微生物群落组成,为生物修复提供了微生物资源.本研究以新乡市某电池厂周边Cd污染土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序和平板分离方法分析其细菌群落组成.传统培养方法表明新乡市重金属污染土壤细菌由厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门这4个门,芽孢杆菌属、节杆菌属和根瘤菌属等30个属组成;高通量测序表明,其由变形菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门等25门及400属组成.相较于培养方法,高通量测序群落组成更为丰富.基于高通量测序的分子生态网路分析表明其关键细菌分别为Arthrobacter、Marmoricola、Nocardioides、Ferruginibacter、Flavitalea、Nitrospira和Lysobacter等组成.对分离的159株可培养菌株进行Cd摇瓶吸附实验,结果表明Aneurinibacillus、Arthrobacter和Bacillus等11个属的30株菌具有较好地固定效果.效果验证实验表明,Ochrobactrum sp. 1-6、Bacillus sp.2-11和Pseudomonas sp.1-9等6株高效菌株能提高青菜(鸡毛菜)生物量、降低...     

大气中酮类化合物污染事故应急监测

研究了大气中低分子量酮类化合物的气相色谱测定方法 ,进行了线性范围、精密度和准确度实验。结果表明 ,该方法具有简便快捷、准确灵敏的特点 ,适合于大气污染事故应急监测     

基于计算模拟与响应面分析漆酶对己烯雌酚的降解作用

己烯雌酚(Diethylstilbestrol,DES)作为水环境中最具雌激素活性的合成化合物之一,其给生物体和环境带来的危害已经引起人们的关注.本研究首先通过分子对接与分子动力学模拟从理论上分析漆酶与DES的相互作用;其次通过实验分析其降解动力学模型及不同反应条件和介质对漆酶催化转化DES的影响;最后使用响应面分析方法优化漆酶-ABTS系统催化转化DES的最佳条件.计算结果表明,漆酶与DES的反应能够自发进行且它们之间主要存在氢键和疏水作用力.实验结果表明,反应6 h左右,50 mg·L^-1的DES的降解率达到93%以上;根据Michaelis-Menten模型得到的动力学参数K_m和V_max分别为36.18 mg·L^-1和45.98 mg·L^-1·h^-1,模型的R²为0.99.漆酶催化降解DES的最佳pH为6,最佳温度为55℃.几种介质中,ABTS对漆酶催化降解DES的作用最强.通过响应面分析发现,在pH=5.5、55.98℃、1....     

不同土地利用方式对土壤细菌分子生态网络的影响

利用16S rDNA基因Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术结合分子生态网络方法,测定了4种利用类型土地中的细菌群落组成,并分别构建了可视化的细菌网络.结果表明,旱田和水田土壤细菌网络的平均路径长度与模块性较小,而节点数、连接数、平均连通度和聚类系数较高;4个细菌网络均以正相关关系占优,天然林地负相关比例较高;酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门中的部分菌群在土壤细菌网络中起着重要的连接作用;4个细菌网络的部分关键节点所属的菌群相对丰度较低(<1%),并非本研究区域的主体细菌;旱田土壤菌群主要受TP显著影响(P<0.05);水田土壤菌群主要受黏粒、粉粒和含水量显著影响(P<0.05);天然林地和城市绿地土壤菌群主要受C/N显著影响(P<0.05).以上研究结果表明,旱田土壤细菌网络规模更大,物种间关系更加复杂,不同利用类型土地中的细菌均以协同合作关系为主,天然林地土壤细菌之间存在更强的竞争作用.水田和旱田土壤细菌对外界环境因子的扰动更加敏感,响应迅速,群落结构更易发生变化;部分细菌在网络间存在角色转化现象,低丰度菌群在构建土壤细菌网络中具有重要作用.     

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) micropollutant herbicide removing from water using granular and powdered activated carbons: a comparison applied for water treatment and health safety

Abstract

Activated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem.     

Characterization of aliphatic hydrocarbons in deep subsurface soils near the outskirts of Beijing, China

Thirty-nine deep subsurface soils( 150—180 cm depth) near the outskirts of Beijing were investagated. The concentrations including n-alkanes from C13 to C36, pristane and phytane were in the range of 0.60 to 170.10μg/g, with a median value of 4.26. Carbon preference index values for n-alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.98, with a median value of 1.48. The percentage contribution of “wax” nalkanes was in the range of 6.03%--46.22%. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixtures with different shapes and ranges were frequently observed. Factor analysis reduced the data set into three principal components and confirming contributions from low ( 19.58% ), medium ( 20.49% ) molecular weight species and long-chain n-alkanes (43.41% ), respectively.Molecular biomarkers such as pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes were detected. Based on the principal component analysis, the concentration profiles and molecular markers, it was found that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources.     

Investigation of protein-styrene oxide adducts as a molecularbiomarker of human exposed to styrene

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珍稀植物濒危机制及保育策略中的营养条件

首先简要论述了珍稀植物濒危的原因、濒危机制的各种理论和研究方法，包括就地保护和迁地保护两个方面的保育策略的制定与实践。然后着重从营养条件的角度对这些理论和现状进行了分析。认为濒危物种在其历史演化过程中存在的脆弱环节以及活植物迁地保护的评价标准均与营养条件密切相关，营养条件可能是某些物种濒危机制中的一个重要组成部分；营养条件方面的研究可以为保护区设立的大小提出指导性意见；珍稀植物迁地保护过程中应密切关注营养条件的影响；营养条件在一定程度上决定了对某些物种保育策略的制定；将分子生物学与植物营养学的研究方法相结合，将能成为珍稀植物濒危机制及保育策略研究中的一种有效手段。     

Fungicidal activity and molecular modeling of fusarubin analogues from Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Fusarubin analogues of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were investigated for antifungal activity in vitro against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. 3-O-Methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin was inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum (EC₅₀ 0.33?mmol L^?1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC₅₀ 0.38?mmol L^?1). A structure–antifungal activity relationship of fusarubin analogues was established from their activity performance. Possible mechanism of action of these compounds was studied using molecular docking and simulations against three target enzymes which revealed receptor ligand binding affinity. Docking of 3-O-methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin into the succinate dehydrogenase site revealed formation of salt bridge, hydrogen bond, π–anion, π–alkyl, and Van der Waals interactions.     

酶催化合成草浆木质素-对甲酚共聚物的研究

在反相微乳液体系 (十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 \正丁醇 \异辛烷 \水 )中 ,用辣根过氧化物酶催化合成木质素 对甲酚共聚物 ,证实了反应的可行性。红外光谱的结果表明 ,木质素与对甲酚发生了聚合反应 ,差示扫描量热分析的结果也表明 ,引入对甲酚改善了木质素的热性能 ,合成的共聚物最高分子量可达 189万