A further case with a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1—evidence for high variability in mosaicism in different tissues of sSMC carriers

A prenatally ascertained case with a de novo small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 1 is reported. Due to a fetal heart defect the parents decided in favour of an induced abortion. Postmortem, a molecular cytogenetic study on eleven formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of the fetus was performed, to further characterize the levels of mosaicism of the sSMC(1). sSMC presence varied between 13 and 62% within different tissues of sSMC carriers. This finding is something common in sSMC carriers and could explain why up to the present no clinical correlations for sSMC mosaicism and clinical outcome in the corresponding carriers could be established. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分子距边矢量与烃类化合物的溶解度及辛醇/水分配系数定量关系的研究

定义并计算了烃类化合物（包括链烃、环烃、芳香烃）的分子距离－边数矢量（μ矢量），藉助多元线性回归技术分别建立了137个烃类化合物的μ矢量与这些物质的正辛醇／水分配系数lgKow及水溶解度的定量结构／性质相关关系模型。模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力。说明经改进的μ矢量能更好地反映烃类化合物的结构特性。     

Intrasexual selection in Mirza coquereli : evidence for scramble competition polygyny in a solitary primate

The primates of Madagascar (Lemuriformes) deviate from fundamental predictions of sexual selection theory in that polygynous species lack sexual dimorphism, have even adult sex ratios and often live in female-dominated societies. It has been hypothesized that intrasexual selection in these species is either reduced or primarily focused on traits related to scramble competition. The goal of this study was to examine these hypotheses by studying the mating system of a solitary nocturnal species, Mirzacoquereli. During a 4-year field study in western Madagascar, I captured and followed 88 individually marked animals. I found that adult males were significantly larger than females, providing the first evidence for sexual size dimorphism in lemurs. In addition, the adult sex ratio was biased in favour of females in 3 out of 4 years. There was no significant sex difference in canine size, however. Males showed pronounced seasonal variation in testis size with a 5-fold increase before and during the short annual mating season. During the mating season, males had more injuries than females and more than quadrupled their home ranges, overlapping with those of more than ten females, but also with about the same number of rivals. Only about one social interaction per 10 h of observation was recorded, but none of them were matings. Together, these results indicate that these solitary lemurs are clearly subject to intrasexual selection and that male-male competition is primarily, but not exclusively, of the scramble type. In addition, they suggest that the above-mentioned idiosyncracies may be limited to group-living lemurs, that social systems of solitary primates are more diverse than previously thought, and that the temporal distribution of receptive females is responsible for this particular male mating strategy. Received: 11 January 1997 / Accepted after revision: 18 April 1997     

基于高分辨率在线观测数据分析上海市城区秋冬季大气有机气溶胶化学特征及污染来源

有机气溶胶(OA)不仅是大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)的重要组成部分,其与臭氧(O₃)污染也密切相关.采用气溶胶在线热脱附(TAG)系统对上海市城区秋冬季大气PM_2.5中94种有机分子示踪物浓度进行了在线观测,分析了不同气流轨迹影响下有机气溶胶的组成分布特征以及大气氧化性对其生成的影响.结果表明,本地气团影响下的OA组成以饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸和正构烷烃等指示一次来源的有机分子示踪物为主,偏北长距离输送影响下的OA则含有较高比例的生物质燃烧示踪物.与本地气团和长距离输送气团不同,海面气团携带的OA主要由二羧酸和羟基羧酸类指示二次来源的有机分子示踪物构成,其生成受光化学和液相氧化过程影响显著.进一步运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)对PM_2.5和OA污染来源进行解析,获得7类一次排放源和5类二次生成源,其中,二次硝酸盐对PM_2.5浓度贡献率最为突出(25.2%),移动源则对OA浓度贡献率最高(24.0%).污染过程中,燃煤源、移动源和餐饮源等人为源及其相关的二次生成源(二次硝酸盐、二...     

城市间运输货车行驶工况构建与应用

为研究城市间运输货车行驶工况特性与典型工况构建方法。运用车载数据采集系统采集了在珠三角区域城市间运输的货运车辆行驶车速等瞬态数据。基于13个工况特征参数解析工况特性,运用运动学片段理论将工况速度数据分成284个工况片,基于主成分分析和聚类分析法将工况片分成5类,选出12片代表工况片,按工况片平均速度从小到大的顺序排列,再将工况时长等比例压缩至1 800 s后最终构建出典型行驶工况。构建工况与实测样本的各项特征参数符合度大于80%,结果表明提出的典型工况构建方法可行,构建工况符合城市间货运车辆实际运行特性。构建工况的最大车速为80 km/h,主要分布在60~80 km/h,C-WTVC工况在0~90 km/h较均匀分布,平均车速为41.0 km/h,较构建工况低15.8%。基于构建工况进行重型货车排放性能仿真测算,得出CO_(2e)排放因子为764.81 g/km,较C-WTVC工况测算值低10.97%,表明运行工况不同导致碳排放测算值有较大差异。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cell abundance, colony size and intracellular toxin concentrations of pelagic and benthic Microcystis in Lake Caohai, China

Lake Caohai has experienced extensive Microcystis blooms in recent years,and to improve its water quality,the local government carried out a series of water control measures.To better understand the dynamics of both pelagic and benthic Microcystis and their characteristics in Lake Caohai,we conducted a 1-year investigation from December 2015to December 2016 to gain a seasonal outlook on the distribution and dynamics of cell abundance,colony size and intracellular microcystins(MCs)of Microcystis.The results indicated that the Microcystis bloom occupied primarily the northeastern region and then moved gradually from lakeshore to lake center.The perennial southwesterly winds and the water inflow from northeast to southwest in Lake Caohai determined the spatiotemporal distribution of pelagic Microcystis.Benthic Microcystis was mainly distributed in the northeastern region in summer,occupied the lake center in autumn and then occupied the southeastern region in winter,determined by the sedimentation of pelagic Microcystis and the death of benthic Microcystis.Small colonies(20-60μm)overwintered more easily in both water column and sediment.The concentrations of intracellular toxin of benthic Microcystis were observed to be significantly higher than those of pelagic Microcystis.This might be because Microcystis synthesized large amount of MCs to acclimate to an unfavorable benthic environment.This knowledge on the dynamics of Microcystis expands our understanding of mechanisms underpinning the formation of Microcystis blooms.     

Influence of COM-peptides/proteins on the properties of flocs formed at different shear rates

Coagulation followed by floc separation is a key process for the removal of algal organic matter(AOM) in water treatment. Besides optimizing coagulation parameters,knowledge of the properties of AOM-flocs is essential to maximizing AOM removal.However, the impact of AOM on the floc properties remains unclear. This study investigated how peptides/proteins derived from the cellular organic matter(COM) of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa influenced the size, structure, and shape of flocs formed at different shear rates(G). Flocs formed by kaolinite, COM-peptides/proteins and a mixture of the same were studied, and the effect of intermolecular interactions between floc components on floc properties was assessed. The coagulation experiments were performed in a Taylor–Couette reactor, with aluminum(Al) or ferric sulphate(Fe) utilized as coagulants. Image analysis was performed to gauge floc size and obtain data on fractal dimension. It was found that floc properties were affected by the presence of the COM-peptides/proteins and the coagulant used. COM-peptides/proteins increased floc size and porosity and widened floc size distributions. The Fe coagulant produced larger and less compact flocs than Al coagulant. Moreover, the decrease in floc size that occurred in parallel with increase in shear rate was not smooth in progress. A rapid change for the kaolinite-coagulant suspension and two rapid changes for the suspensions containing COM were observed. These were attributed to various intermolecular interactions between floc components participating in coagulation at different G. Based on the results obtained, shear rates suitable for efficient separation of flocs containing COM were suggested.     

Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb: Physiological and biochemical response

Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology. Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400?mg/L) in culture solution at 14?days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots. Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7?mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems, respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaCl-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.