浙江大桥坞铀矿床铅、氢、氧同位素研究

浙江大桥坞矿床是赣杭火山岩铀成矿带重要的铀矿床之一。本文通过对大桥坞铀矿床铅、氢和氧同位素及前人资料的综合研究,探讨了矿床成矿流体和成矿物质来源。结果表明花岗斑岩、凝灰岩、辉绿岩、矿石中黄铁矿、蚀变围岩中黄铁矿的Pb同位素组成变化较小,可能指示它们具有相似的源区。在铅同位素构造环境判别图解中,铅同位素投影点分布范围较广,但多数集中于地幔和造山带演化线之间,偏向造山带,反映了铅的来源与岩浆活动有关。氢、氧同位素组成显示,成矿流体主要来自大气降水。成矿物质来源于壳幔混合源。     

私采私淘已退役钨矿重金属元素异常成因及其生态环境效应

本文通过对广东省某钨矿及其所在镇与市土壤背景值的对比,认为该区域是一个多元素、多成因,涉及到As、Cd、P、Bi、W、Au、Ag、Sb、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Co、Ti、V、Si、Mo、B十八个元素,由成矿作用,地质背景,人为污染交互影响形成的复杂的综合异常区。对各异常元素对该区域表层土壤、深层土壤、地表水和浅层地下水的影响进行了详细研究,认为该热液型钨矿已对周边生态环境造成了影响。     

山东沂南金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

本文从流体包裹体出发,讨论了沂南金矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿机制。各成矿阶段的矽卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明,包裹体主要类型有气液水包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和晶质熔体包裹体,其中熔体包裹体在较早期的石榴石、绿帘石和石英中发育。Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段的成矿流体具有高温和高盐度的特征,均一温度分别为430~520℃、340~430℃,盐度分别为56.7 wt%NaCl2、2.2~53.5 wt%NaCl,代表铁矿化时的流体特征;Ⅲ成矿阶段流体具有中低温(190~250℃)、盐度范围变化较大(6.45~53.5 wt%NaCl)的特征,代表了Cu,Au矿化时的流体活动情况;Ⅳ成矿阶段包裹体均一温度100~190℃,盐度为2.07~15.76 wt%NaCl。根据不同类型包裹体共生组合及流体演化特征,认为流体的不混溶性是导致大量金属沉淀的主要原因,岩浆热液在成矿流体中占主导地位。     

不同母质砖红壤的磷有效性差异

不同母质的砖红壤,其磷素含量有差异;磷的有效性受土壤营养体系中其它元素的制约;桉树植株的磷营养受土壤有效磷含量和土壤营养体系中多种元素相互作用的影响。     

Vanadium and molybdenum concentrations in particulate from Palermo (Italy): analytical methods using voltammetry

The main purpose of this work was to develop a reliable method for the determination of vanadium (V) and molybdenum (Mo) in atmosphere particles or aerosols because they can not be readily measured using conventional techniques. For this research, 30 particulate samples were collected from five different stations located at Palermo, Italy. We used the catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry and differential pulsed voltammetry to measure V and Mo in atmospheric particulate, respectively. The represented method includes advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, simplicity, reproducibility, speed and low costs. The quantification limits for V and Mo are, respectively, 0.57 and 0.80 ng·m⁻³. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %), was about 2% for both metals. The mean recoveries of added V and Mo were about 99.5% and ranged from 97% to 101%. Vanadium concentrations in particulate samples collected in Palermo area ranged from 0.57 to 7.7 ng·m⁻³, while Mo concentrations were in the range 0.8–51 ng·m⁻³. In many cases the concentrations of two elements in the particulate samples fall below the detection limits. The mean concentrations for V and Mo in particulate samples, collected in Palermo area, were respectively 3.1 and 5.9 ng·m⁻³.     

钼作用下油菜对镉胁迫的生理生化响应及其对镉吸收的特征

为了探讨施钼对不同浓度镉胁迫油菜的缓解效果,利用盆栽试验,研究了4种外源钼梯度（0、50、100、200 mg·kg^-1）对低镉（0.5 mg·kg^-1）和高镉（6.0 mg·kg^-1）两种胁迫下油菜生理生化、生物量、镉的转运富集等的影响作用.结果显示,外源钼可促进镉胁迫油菜长度、鲜重、干重增加.不同浓度的钼可使镉胁迫油菜生理生化指标丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）积累量显著降低,可溶性蛋白（SP）含量、可溶性糖（SS）含量、叶绿素（Chla和Chlb）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性显著提高;同时,施入钼能够有效抑制油菜对镉的吸收富集,但对其转运影响相对较小,同时又可显著提高油菜对镉的耐性.钼对镉的抑制作用表现为提高油菜的生物量水平、改善其生理生化性能,通过参与油菜生理过程降低油菜对镉的吸收,进而提高油菜对进入体内镉的耐受力,外源钼能有效地降低Cd胁迫对油菜的毒害.     

Effect of waterborne boron and molybdenum on survival,growth and feed intake of Indian major carp,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

The effect of either boron (B) or molybdenum (Mo) on survival, growth and feed intake of Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), advanced fry was studied in two separate experiments. Survival rates of C. mrigala fry (2.78±0.14 g) following 50 days’ exposure to B at 0.01 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg·L ^?1 were 100% at all concentrations except 8.0 mg·L ^?1 where the survival rate 87.5±7.5%. We observed 100% survival of mrigala fry at all concentrations of Mo, 0.02 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg·L ^?1. Both B and Mo at 0.5 mg·L ^?1 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher growth of the fish compared with control and other concentrations. B exposure at 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg·L ^?1 had no significant effect on growth rate, whereas at 8.0 mg B·L ^?1 growth of the fish almost ceased. Mo exposure at 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg·L ^?1 caused no significant effect on growth rate of the fish compared to control. Both B and Mo at all concentrations had no significant effect on feed intake of the fish compared with control, except at the highest concentration of boron (8.0 mg·L ^?1).     

Human impact recorded in the sediment of Honghu Lake, Hubei, China

Vertical profiles of the total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, phosphorus, susceptibilities, elements and partical size were analyzed in a short ^137Cs-dated sediment core collected from Honghu Lake, China. The average sedimentation rate was 1.55 mm/a. The results indicated that trophic status of Honghu Lake in the historical period had experienced three stages. Before 1840 the lake was characterized with lower productivity, TOC was less than 9.92 g/kg; TN was 0.902 to 1.24 g/kg. During about 1840-1950, population increased quickly, there was an obvious change in TOC with an average of 13.0 g/kg. Since 1950, human impacts have accelerated the lake eutrophication and nutrients enriched in the sediment with TOC of 21.7 to 93.1 g/kg, TN of 1.77 to 8.78 g/kg. The heavy metal concentration profiles presented similar distribution trends except Pb .and Mn. The results from elements analyses indicated that Honghu Lake had not been polluted by heavy metals except lead.     

铅锌矿床中镉的表生地球化学研究现状

铅锌矿床是镉主要来源,在其开采过程中,镉等重金属有毒元素会产生次生富集,同时不可避免向环境大量释放,严重影响周围环境。本文介绍了铅锌矿的表生地球化学研究现状,提出应加强镉等重金属元素在表生风化作用下活化-迁移-富集机理及影响因素,定量地描述镉等重金属元素的释放过程等地球化学研究,以揭示镉等有害元素在铅锌矿山表生风化过程中的活化、迁移、次生富集的规律及机理,探讨其通过岩(矿)石-水-土壤-植物影响环境和人类健康过程,这不仅对于铅锌矿山环境有重要意义,而且也将揭示一些矿床中镉高度富集机理,从而在理论上丰富镉的地球化学内容,对研究铅锌矿床中元素循环、矿山修复、环境评价及生态效应等具有重要意义。     

大沽排污河沉积物重金属和砷污染及生态风险性研究

利用HaKanson生态风险指数法,研究了大沽排污河底泥中污染物重金属和砷对水域的污染程度,及其对水域总体造成的潜在风险影响。同时利用多环境要素评价方法,对大沽排污河水质、污灌区土壤作物及生态效应进行了多元综合评价,2种方法结论相吻合。大沽排污河生态风险处于重度污染水平。重金属和砷污染物对生态风险影响排序为 :Hg>Cd >Cu >As>Pb >Cr>Zn。