黔东同古金矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

同古金矿已有较长的民采历史。本研究在前人工作的基础上．结合开采揭车出的地质现象，从地层、构造、石英脉地质特征、矿石组分、金的富集和产出特征、成矿温度，矿床成因等方面对该金矿的地质特征进行了较全面的研究，特别是对以往工作没有揭露但对矿床有着重要控制作用的、新发现的剪切破碎带Fx进行了详细的研究，并指出了进一步找矿的方向。本研究成果对该地区寻找同类型金矿和新的富矿体将起重要作用。     

金顶铅锌矿区铅锌氧化矿石中镉的风化淋滤实验

云南金顶铅锌矿是中国较为典型的高镉铅锌矿区之一。通过模拟常温条件下天然雨水的自然淋滤过程,对矿区两个典型的富镉氧化矿石样品进行了长时淋滤实验研究。初步结果表明:随着淋滤时间的延长,滤液中pH值(pH=7.2～8.5)和SO42-浓度无显著变化。滤液中Cl-离子浓度随时间呈显著增大趋势。溶解态镉和其它主要元素铅、锌、铜和锰质量浓度变化随时间呈降低趋势。铅锌氧化矿石易淋出而释放出镉等有害元素,滤出元素可以迅速发生沉淀或被沉淀物包裹,其能力表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。两个不同矿石镉的淋失量有所差别,矿石中菱锌矿质量分数是影响镉淋失的主要因素。矿区富镉岩石和矿物的自然风化对矿区流域水生态环境造成潜在危害。     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of Bacillus thuringiensis aerial sprays,following application at two volume rates over an oak forest

Abstract

Dipel® 8AF, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) was sprayed undiluted at 30 BIU in 1.8L/ha over a block B1, and sprayed after dilution with water at 30 BIU in 6.2 L/ha over another block B2 in an oak forest infested with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Spray was applied in May 1987 using a Cessna 188 Agtruck aircraft equipped with four Hicronair^® AU4000 atomizers. Droplet sizes were measured at mid‐canopy level of oak trees and at ground level using cylindrical Kromekote® cards. Deposit per unit area was assessed on aluminum oak leaves.

At the lower volume rate of 1.8 L/ha, spray droplets were smaller and droplets/cm² were lower on the cylindrical Kromekote cards in B1 than those obtained in B2 which received the higher volume rate of 6.2 L/ha. The average deposit per unit area of the aluminum oak leaves, expressed in nL of the spray volume per cm² surface area, was also correspondingly lower in B1 than in B2. This was attributed to the higher volume rate of spray application used in B2 than in B1, which resulted in larger droplets and a greater volume deposit/cm² in B2.     

Effect of additives in the Neem formulations on deposition,volatilization and persistence of Azadirachtin in spruce foliage

Abstract

Foliar deposits, volatilization and persistence of azadirachtin‐A (AZ‐A) were investigated after application of four spray mixes prepared from a wettable powder (WP) and three emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of neem. They were applied at the dosage rate of 50 g AI in 4 L/ha onto potted spruce seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber. Droplet‐size spectra and deposits were assessed using Kromekote^® card/glass plate collection units. Foliar residues [dislodgeable residues (DR), penetrated residues (PR) and total residues (TR)] of AZ‐A and their volatilization were measured by HPLC at different intervals of time up to 60 h after treatment. Differences in the droplet‐size spectra and deposit levels were observed among the four spray mixes due to the influence of additives present in them. Dissipation half‐lives (DT₅₀) of the DR, PR and TR in the foliage were low (range, 19.5 to 38.9 h) and varied according to the residue type and the spray mix used. The DT₅₀ values of the DR were consistently lower (range, 19.5 to 31.9 h) than those of the PR (range, 30.5 to 38.9 h) due to preferential loss of the surface residues. The low DT₅₀ values observed for the DR and TR in the foliage sprayed with the WP spray mix were attributed to the particulate nature of the deposit. AZ‐A volatilized appreciably from the DR rather than from the PR. The variations found in the amounts of AZ‐A volatilized (42 to 58%) and unaccountable (38 to 46%) from the initial TR values in spruce foliage, after 60 h, were attributed to the physical form of the deposits on the target surface and the influences of additives present in the different spray mixes.     

金沙江干热河谷区地质灾害遥感研究

遥感技术能快速全面、高性价比地获取地表信息,可以从宏观上对区域性地质灾害进行调查,形成对区域性地质灾害分布、规模的定量认识,因此遥感技术已经在国外的地质灾害调查工作中得到了较广泛应用。金沙江德钦段河谷属于典型的干热河谷,遥感技术在该地区的环境地质调查的应用研究,对于西部大开发的工程建设具有很强的实用性。利用3种星载光学遥感影像对这一地区的地质灾害进行了目视解译研究。首先简要介绍了金沙江干热河谷区自然地理、地质和气候环境的特点及其对地质灾害解译产生的影响,其次就本地区的环境地质遥感数据的选择与处理进行了说明,然后配合图片详细分析了研究区主要地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌堆积、泥石流沟和倾倒变形)的解译特征。最后实地考察验证了解译的可行性,并分析总结了存在的不足,提出了利用近红外高光谱提高地质灾害解译研究的设想。     

Mine drainage water from the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper mine, Kerman, IR Iran

This paper presents the results of a study on stream and mine waters in the area of one of the world largest porphyry copper deposit located in the southeastern Iran, the Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper mine. Trace metals are present as adsorption on Fe and Mn oxide and hydroxide particles, as sulfate, simple metal ions, and scarcely as adsorption on clay particles and hydrous aluminium oxides. Mean pH decreases and the mean concentration of trace elements, EC and increases from the maximum discharge period (MXDP) during snow melt run off (May), through the moderate discharge period (MDDP; March and July) to the minimum discharge period (MNDP; September).Water samples have sulfatic character essentially, however, from the MNDP through the MDDP towards the MXDP they show a bicarbonate tendency. This study indicates that the surface waters draining the Sar Cheshmeh open pit have a higher pH and lower concentration of trace metals compared with some other porphyry copper deposits.     

哈尔滨地区风尘黄土重矿物特征及物源分析

哈尔滨地区分布有很多第四纪以来的风尘黄土沉积物。风尘黄土已被证实为干冷天气条件下,大风吹扬起来的沙尘沉积而形成的。针对这些沙尘物质的来源问题,采用从源到汇的物源示踪方法,采集了哈尔滨地区具有代表性的风尘黄土沉积物,以及松花江及其主要支流的河流沉积物、科尔沁沙地沉积物以及吉林地区的黄土沉积物作为主要研究对象,利用沉积物中重矿物组合、特征矿物,重矿物的百分含量、稳定系数、石英/长石、ZTR指数、ATi指数和GZi指数等多项指标进行分析,并结合东北地区岩性分布以及亚洲季风特征。研究结果显示,哈尔滨地区各地分布的风尘黄土各项重矿物指标具有很好的一致性,且与近源的松花江等河流沉积物相同;哈尔滨地区沿松花江干流河谷分布的风尘黄土沉积物物源主要来自于近源的松花江流域内的大小兴安岭及东部山地广泛分布的花岗岩类的风化碎屑。     

二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的可控制备及抗菌机制研究进展

细菌感染对人体健康构成了极大威胁,超级细菌的耐药问题也愈发严峻,开发新型抗菌制剂已成为业内普遍共识。钼基纳米材料凭借其独特的理化特性和良好的生物相容性,在抗菌领域应用前景广阔。本文从材料结构、制备方法和抗菌机理3个方面综述了二维钼基纳米抗菌材料的研究进展,介绍了物理接触破坏及微环境改变、氧化应激、外源性自由基诱导和金属离子控释4种代表性抗菌机理的研究现状。最后分析了钼基抗菌制剂目前的挑战和未来的发展前景。     

Measurements,Theories and Simulations of Particle Deposits on Super-Heater Tubes in a CFB Biomass Boiler

The present investigation involves theories, simulations and experiments on deposit layers on super-heater tubes in a circulating fluidised bed in Västerås in Sweden. Simulation of particle trajectories in the vicinity of two super-heater tubes is conducted in a Eulerian-Lagrangian mode for the flue gas and the ash particles from the combustion process. Particle impingements on the tubes are investigated for different particle sizes. Measurements of the buildup of deposit layers in the super-heater environment are conducted using a deposit probe. Deposit layer growth and growth rate is analysed for different probe temperatures, as well as the aspect of sintering on the probe ring surface. Analysis of the probe deposit material and deposits from the super-heaters and from textile filters are chemically analysed. The temperature dependence of the deposit materials viscosity is predicted from the chemical analysis of the samples. A model is included to simulate the effect of the deposit layer thickness on the tube heat exchange. The results from the particle trajectory simulations show that particle larger than 10 mm will mainly impinge on the front of the first tube and that smaller particles are more dispersed due to turbulence and thermophorectic forces, enabling a more even impingement on the whole surface of the tubes. The probe deposit layer growth measurements show significant temperature dependence. The deposit material sintering and distribution is proven to be dependent on; temperature, particle size and exposure time. The stickiness of the deposit material is shown to be dependent on the SiO₂ and alkali relation in the samples, estimated through a viscosity model.     

Prenatal diagnosis of molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency are autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism with severe neurological symptoms resulting from a lack of sulfite oxidase activity. The deficiencies can be diagnosed prenatally by monitoring sulfite oxidase activity in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) tissue. In those families in which the specific defects have been identified, diagnosis can be achieved by mutation analysis or linkage studies directed at affected genes. These include MOCS1, MOCS2 or GEPH, in cases of molybdenum cofactor deficiency, or SUOX in patients with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.