Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.     

Temporal and spatial variations of low-molecular-weight organic acids in Dianchi Lake, China

Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in eutrophic lake water of Dianchi, Southwestern China Plateau were investigated diurnally and vertically using ion chromatography. Two profiles (P1 and P2) were studied due to the difference of hydrochemical features. Lactic, formic, pyruvic and oxalic acid were detected as major components at P1 and P2 which were on average 7.98 and 6.53 mol/L, respectively, corresponding to their proportions of 2.68% and 2.48% relative to DOC. Pyruvic acid was regarded as the uppermost species at P1 and P2, reaching up to 3.82 and 3.35 mol/L and accounting for 47.9% and 51.3%, respectively, in individual TOA. Although humus were of biogenetic production at both sites, the significant negative correlation between diurnal variations of TOAs, fluorescence intensity (FI) of protein-like components and humic-like components at P1 indicated LMWOAs were greatly originated from bacterioplankton excretion and degradation. However, correlations between diurnal variations of humic-like FI and physicochemical parameters demonstrated algal origination of LMWOAs at P2. Although content of humus was high, TOA at P2 was 1.45 mol/L lower than that at P1, due to the co-influence of more intense photo-oxidation and aggregation at P2. Therefore, TOAs exhibited quite opposite diurnal variation trends of increasing-decreasing and decreasing-increasing at P1 and P2, respectively. Except for impact of solar radiation, bacterial decomposition and assimilation rendered shifts of maximal LMWOAs along water column at P1. Covering with massive algae, UV rays penetrated shallower depth that LMWOAs assembled in surface layer water before 18:00 at P2 and represented decreasing profiles.     

基质浓度·电极距离·离子强度对MFC影响的研究

以宜兰酒厂废水处理厂的污泥为菌种来源,构建单槽无膜无介体空气阴极型微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC),通过添加小同浓度的基质、改变阳极与阴极距离及添加不同浓度的NaCl,分别考察了基质浓度、电极距离、离子强度对MFC性能的影响.研究结果表明,伴随基质COD浓度的增加(从300 mg/L增到...     

新型三维多孔光热材料制备及其高盐废水处理应用

高盐废水处理存在处理难度大和能耗成本高等问题.近年来发展的界面光蒸汽水处理技术以绿色、高效和低能耗等特点成为了目前水资源回收利用领域的研究热点.本研究以纤维状结构的碳化氮（h-CN）修饰石墨烯（r-GO）,通过水热反应制备了新型三维多孔石墨烯复合材料（3D h-CN/r-GO）,并以硝基苯和苯酚作为模拟污染物,考察了其光热蒸发处理高盐废水的性能.研究结果表明,所制备的3D h-CN/r-GO材料具备宽光谱吸收范围和多级孔道结构,并呈现出快速热响应的特点.在模拟太阳光照条件下,光蒸汽转化效率可达90.4%.并且在处理过程中可实现硝基苯和苯酚等常见挥发性污染物的吸附,其吸附容量分别为67.6 mg·g^-1和57.5 mg·g^-1.而且,3D h-CN/r-GO可实现长时间稳定的光热水体蒸发回收,且对污染物及盐分截留率高达98%左右,冷凝水体达到污水处理的排放标准.因此,本研究为高盐废水的低能耗和低成本处理提供了一种新的技术.     

DIN 75220标准阳光模拟试验与海南户外暴露试验对比研究

为了对比DIN 75220标准阳光模拟试验与我国海南户外暴露试验,以某型汽车整车和PC、PS标准板为研究对象,对自然曝晒试验和基于DIN 75220标准的整车阳光模拟试验中汽车典型部位微环境、汽车典型部件失效行为以及温度校正太阳辐射量的结果进行了对比研究。分析了2种试验方法中各统计量间的相关关系,进一步结合2种方法下的油漆件色差、内外饰件间缝隙变化结果以及关键部件典型失效问题,提出了适合用于模拟我国海南典型湿热自然环境的定制化阳光模拟试验循环。研究结果表明,基于DIN 75220标准的1个周期整车阳光模拟试验可以反映约80%的湿热自然环境整车曝晒试验3~6个月出现的失效问题。DIN 75220标准中,潮湿气候循环试验可以较好地模拟我国海南湿热自然环境,35个潮湿气候循环可以模拟海南整车自然曝晒1 a。     

不同土壤水分条件下添加硅对紫花苜蓿茎叶和土壤氮磷钾含量的影响

为提高植物氮磷钾利用能力,采用盆栽试验研究了不同土壤水分条件下添加硅对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)茎叶和土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响.结果表明,土壤含水量为饱和含水量的35%和80%时添加硅对紫花苜蓿生物量没有明显影响,而土壤含水量为饱和含水量的50%和65%时则显著提高了紫花苜蓿生物量(P<0.05);添加硅对紫花苜蓿茎叶内氮含量没有显著影响,但显著提高了茎叶内钾和磷含量(P<0.05);添加硅对土壤全氮、速效氮、全钾和全磷含量没有显著影响,而显著提高了土壤速效磷含量(P<0.05),显著降低了土壤速效钾含量(P<0.05).说明添加硅能够显著增加紫花苜蓿茎叶内磷和钾的积累量,刺激土壤速效磷释放,降低土壤速效钾含量.     

紫色光合细菌捕获太阳能的分子机理

光合作用是地球上最重要的化学反应,生物体通过它捕获太阳能,转为化学能供生长繁殖需要.光合细菌是地球上最早出现的具有原始光能合成体系的微生物,其光合反应中心是一个由多种色素分子与蛋白质以非共价键方式结合的、具有特定构象的色素-蛋白复合体-光反应中心RC(Reaction center)和LH(Light Harvesting),光能通过电荷分离及电子转移反应转化为化学能,其效率是当前人工模拟远远不能及的.本文综述了紫色光合细菌捕获太阳能的分子结构、作用机理的研究进展,并结合作者在R.sphaeroides LHII蛋白组份同源及异源基因表达方面的研究结果进行相应的分析,明确了Rhodobacter sphaeroides基因组中同源基因puc2BA的表达特点和功能,Rhodovulum sulfidophilum pucsBA与R.sphaeroides pufBA能够同时在R.sphaeroides中表达,能同时形成LHII和LHI,并具有能量传递功能.     

太阳能热泵系统中的蓄热技术

开发新能源和节能是寻找能源出路的两大途径,太阳能热泵系统以其显著的节能性和环保性具有广阔的发展前景.论述了太阳能热泵系统中的蓄热原理和蓄热材料,介绍了实际蓄热工程,进行理论分析,指明了今后的研究与发展方向.太阳能蓄热装置的开发与应用对太阳能热泵系统的发展具有深远意义.     

富勒烯对人胚肝细胞的氧化损伤

为初步探讨富勒烯(C60)对人体细胞的潜在危害,以人胚肝细胞(L-02)为研究对象,研究富勒烯暴露对人胚肝细胞的氧化损伤.人胚肝细胞暴露于0、1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00和40.00 μg·mL-1富勒烯悬液24h后,检测细胞内CAT活性和MDA与ROS含量.采用免疫组化法检测SOD蛋白在富勒烯...     

谷胱甘肽对甲醛所致Hela细胞毒性的影响

为研究还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对甲醛所致Hela细胞毒性的影响,采用体外染毒方式,应用KC1-SDS法和MTT法分别检测GSH对甲醛引起Hela细胞DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)和细胞活性的影响.结果表明,250μmol·L-1浓度下,DNA-蛋白质交联实验中甲醛染毒组所致的DPC显著高于对照组(p＜0.01),GSH+...