HDTMA改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附及机理研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性蒙脱土处理含酚废水．了解不同改性量有机蒙脱土吸附苯酚的能力。结果表明．改性蒙脱土按照分配机理吸附苯酚．改性蒙脱土改性量高和水溶液中苯酚浓度高．其吸跗的苯酚数量大。1．0CEC(阳离子交换容量)改性蒙脱土对水溶液中苯酚去除率达到76％。改性蒙脱土中有机物对苯酚的吸附存在协同作用．因此．改性蒙脱土吸附苯酚的增加速率要超过其中HDTMA增加的速率。在试验的苯酚浓度下．改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附符合Freundlich吸附模式．不符合Langmuir吸附模式。     

改性蒙脱土对稻田土壤甲基汞的阻控修复

采用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和壳聚糖对蒙脱土进行改性,利用XRD技术对改性蒙脱土进行表征,并通过室内模拟试验,探讨在不同的水分条件下,巯基蒙脱土和壳聚糖蒙脱土对甲基汞污染土壤的阻控修复效果.XRD分析结果显示,巯基和壳聚糖都成功负载于蒙脱土上.模拟试验结果表明,在甲基汞污染土壤中添加修复材料后,对土壤甲基汞均产生了较好的阻控修复效果.对比空白对照,在淹水条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量分别降低了82. 10%(巯基蒙脱土)和45. 20%(壳聚糖蒙脱土);在干湿交替条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量分别降低了66. 70%(巯基蒙脱土)和49. 79%(壳聚糖蒙脱土);在干旱条件下,土壤中甲基汞含量降低了44. 66%(巯基蒙脱土),添加壳聚糖蒙脱土4周后,土壤甲基汞含量降低了54. 37%.相比单加改性蒙脱土,联合添加改性蒙脱土和石灰处理后其修复效果没有明显提升.     

钾改性蒙脱石磁性微球对铯的吸附性能

本研究以钙基蒙脱石(Ca-MMT)为原料,通过K+作用制得改性蒙脱石粉(K-MMT),经海藻酸钠交联作用,将改性蒙脱石与永磁体(BaFe12O19)结合,制成钾改性蒙脱石磁性微球(KMBC).对比了 Ca-MMT、K-MMT、KMBC对Cs+的吸附差异,并通过SEM-EDS、FTIR、XRD、XPS分析了 K-MMT的...     

Removal of Cs from water and soil by ammonium-pillared montmorillonite/Fe3O4 composite

To remove cesium ions from water and soil, a novel adsorbent was synthesized by following a one-step co-precipitation method and using non-toxic raw materials. By combining ammonium-pillared montmorillonite (MMT) and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄), an MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite was prepared and characterized. The adsorbent exhibited high selectivity of Cs⁺ and could be rapidly separated from the mixed solution under an external magnetic field. Above all, the adsorbent had high removal efficiency in cesium-contaminated samples (water and soil) and also showed good recycling performance, indicating that the MMT/Fe₃O₄ composite could be widely applied to the remediation of cesium-contaminated environments. It was observed that the pH, solid/liquid ratio and initial concentration affected adsorption capacity. In the presence of coexisting ions, the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of Ca^2 + > Mg^2 + > K⁺ > Na⁺, which is consistent with our theoretical prediction. The adsorption behavior of this new adsorbent could be expressed by the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich isotherm. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of Cs⁺ was NH₄⁺ ion exchange and surface hydroxyl group coordination, with the former being more predominant.     

几种高硅质矿物细颗粒的A549细胞毒性对比

以大气颗粒物成分中主要矿物相:石英、绢云母、钠长石和蒙脱石这4种高硅质矿物细颗粒为研究对象,检测其对A549细胞存活率、膜损伤及炎性因子释放的影响,旨在对比分析几种高硅质矿物细颗粒的毒性大小,并从颗粒物物理化学性质角度阐述其细胞毒性作用机制.结果表明,几种硅质细颗粒对A549细胞存活率的影响:蒙脱石绢云母≥石英钠长石.细胞存活率与矿物颗粒样品的SiO_2含量之间相关性较差,与Fe_2O_3含量存在较好相关性,Fe_2O_3含量越高毒性越大.高硅质矿物颗粒共培养环境中H_2O_2释放量与样品中Fe_2O_3含量呈正相关关系.蒙脱石组细胞受H_2O_2影响最大,石英和钠长石组细胞受粉体释放H_2O_2影响较小.所检测的几种高硅质矿物颗粒不同程度地造成细胞膜损伤,且均可触发A549细胞释放TNF-α或IL-6,进一步激发免疫反应的产生,但不同类型的高硅质矿物颗粒促发炎性反应不同.高硅质矿物细颗粒的成分结构并不是影响其生物活性的唯一因素,粉体的外在形态、表面活性基团、溶解性、吸附和离子交换特性等对细胞的存活率、细胞膜损伤、液相自由基的释放及炎性反应的影响同样不容忽视.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane （γ-HCH） in soils. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%〈70%〈50% 〈30%, Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2. The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities. In addition, effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexene, and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates, which were gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of montmorillonite particles

The studies on heterogeneous reactions over montmorillonite, which is a typical 2:1 layered aluminosilicate, will benefit to the understanding of heterogeneous reactions on clay minerals. Montmorillonite can be classified as sodium montmorillonite or calcium montmorillonite depending on the cation presented between the different layers. Using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of NO₂ on the surface of montmorillonite was firstly investigated. Results showed that the reaction of NO₂ on the surface of sodium and calcium montmorillonite fit a first-order kinetics, and the reaction duration of calcium montmorillonite was longer than that of sodium montmorillonite under the dry condition. For either sodium or calcium montmorillonite, the uptake coefficient decreased as humidity increased.     

Influence of 1, 10-phenanthroline on adsorption behaviour of Ni （Ⅱ） onto montmorilionite

利用镍离子能与邻菲罗啉反应生成螯合物的性质,研究了加与未加邻菲罗啉条件下,蒙脱石对金属镍离子的吸附行为,考察了镍离子浓度、吸附时间、温度和溶液pH值等因素对吸附性能的影响．结果表明：加入邻菲罗啉后,蒙脱石对镍的螫合离子的吸附量明显增大;吸附平衡时间约为120min;蒙脱石对[Ni（phen）a]^2＋的吸附性基本不受pH值的影响．动力学研究表明该吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,吸附量随温度升高而增大．二级动力学参数证明加入邻菲罗啉可显著提高蒙脱石对Ni^2＋的吸附性．蒙脱石对简单Ni^2＋的吸附符合Langmuir的单层吸附等温式;而蒙脱石对镍的螯合离子的吸附则符合Freundlich等温式．蒙脱石对Ni^2＋和[Ni（phen）a]^＋2的吸附均为自发、吸热和更无序的;XRD及FTIR研究表明,蒙脱石对[Ni（phen）a]^2＋的吸附以层问的物理吸附为主．     

复合改性蒙脱土去除水体中颤藻的研究

为筛选用于景观水体水华应急治理的高效除藻材料,研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合改性蒙脱土去除颤藻的效果.以藻液浊度去除率和叶绿素a去除率表征除藻效果,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定复合改性蒙脱土去除颤藻的最佳配比、用量和操作条件.通过Zeta电位、生物显微镜和SEM形态表征分析了复合改性蒙脱土去除颤藻的机理.通过λ=420 nm处的透光率随时间的变化来反映其絮凝沉降速率的变化.结果表明,蒙脱土投加量为70 mg/L、PAC投加量为9 mg/L、CTAB投加量为0.875 mg/L、蒙脱土粒径为90 μm、pH值为8时,颤藻叶绿素a和浊度去除率分别可达到96.02％和93.9％.蒙脱土经复合改性后电荷翻转,沉降絮凝藻细胞的速率和效果增加.复合改性蒙脱土通过电荷吸附和网捕包裹作用吸附沉降藻细胞,改性剂CTAB使藻细胞失活,抑制藻絮体重新上浮.     

高岭土和蒙脱土存在下nC60纳米颗粒稳定性研究

通过沉降实验研究了不同浓度高岭土和蒙脱土分别对富勒烯纳米颗粒（nC₆₀）稳定性的影响,利用沉降模型并结合zeta电位、粒径、SEM、TEM进行原因分析.单体系中nC₆₀的稳定性好,高岭土胶体稳定性差且随浓度增加而降低,蒙脱土胶体稳定性好且与浓度无明显关系.整体上,高岭土和蒙脱土可以降低nC₆₀的稳定性.随着高岭土浓度增加,nC₆₀稳定性显著降低;而蒙脱土对nC₆₀稳定性降低较小且与浓度无明显关系.结果表明,nC₆₀的稳定性由黏土控制,两种黏土在结构和比表面积上的差异,使它们对nC₆₀稳定性影响不同.模型分析表明,一阶沉降模型和修正的一阶沉降模型分别适用于高岭土和蒙脱土参与的胶体沉降过程.该研究可为评估nC₆₀对地下水环境的影响提供重要参考.