蒙脱石粘土改性吸附剂处理印染废水实验研究

通过实验得到天然蒙脱石粘土改性和提高蒙脱石粘土吸附剂处理印染废水效果的方法,阐述了蒙脱石粘土改性和吸附有机污染物的机理。研究结果表明,天然蒙脱石经钠化和无机聚合物改性处理后,大幅度地提高了天然蒙脱石粘土对有机污染物的吸附能力。改性粘土吸附剂在投加量为0.1％时,处理红色印染废水,COD去除率85％,脱色率88％以上;处理兰色废水,COD去除率94％,脱色率达98％。处理后的水质达到回用要求。模拟实验表明,该吸附剂对含有各种类型染料的印染废水都有稳定的处理效果。本研究为印染废水处理提供了廉价高效的吸附剂。     

木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法,对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,并研究了溶液pH、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明:(1)木质纤维素和蒙脱土复合后形成了插层一剥离型的纳米复合材料;(2)在溶液pH为2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为180 min的条件下,木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达5.72mg/g;(3)木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温式.     

低浓度范围内聚丙烯酰胺在黏土矿物上的吸附特征

用酰胺基团溴化后碘化镉-淀粉显色分光光度法测定了在0～50mg/L低浓度范围内聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在高岭土和蒙脱土上的吸附等温线,并考察了电解质浓度和类型对吸附的影响.结果表明,PAM在黏土矿物上有很强的吸附亲合力,吸附等温线为Langmuir型.电解质能大大增强PAM在黏土矿物上的吸附,其中二价离子比一价阳离子更有效.电解质浓度较低时,PAM分子主要以链序态吸附,电解质浓度较高时以链环态、链端态吸附的数量逐渐增多.PAM的吸附只限制在层状黏土矿物的外表面上.在Na⁺介质中,PAM在两种黏土矿物上的吸附量差别不大;而在Ca²⁺介质中,蒙脱土悬浮颗粒产生分裂,为PAM的吸附提供新的外表面积,PAM的吸附量大大高于在高岭土上的吸附量,前者约是后者的2～3倍.     

Cadmium adsorption in montmorillonite as affected by glyphosate

Behaviors of soil heavy metals are often affected by coexisting herbicides due to their physical and chemical interaction. Effect of glyphosate, an herbicide containing -PO~3- and -COOH groups, on cadmium adsorption in montmorillonite was studied in detail. The results showed that the cadmium adsorption quantity in montmorillonite increased with increasing soil solution pH and cadmium concentration as usual, but decreased with glyphosate, which is due to the formation of a low affinity complex of Cd and glyphosate and decreasing solution pH induced by glyphosate addition. When the equilibrium solution pH was below 6.7, glyphosate has little effect on cadmium adsorption, but when the equilibrium solution pH was above 6.7, glyphosate significantly decreased cadmium adsorption quantity in montmorillonite. In addition, the adding order of Cd and glyphosate also influenced Ccl adsorption quantity in montmorillonite.     

苄嘧磺隆对Cu2+在粘土矿物上吸附-脱附的影响

选择两种粘土矿物Ca－蒙脱石和高岭石作为吸附体，研究Cu^2 的吸附－脱附行为，以及苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 吸附－脱附的影响，结果表明，Cu62 在比表面积、CEC大的Ca－蒙脱石上吸附量较高；而在比表面积、CEC小的高岭石上吸附量较低，蒙脱石对Cu^2 的吸附主要是静电吸附，吸附的Cu^2 较易脱附；高岭石主要通过专性吸附机制而吸附Cu^2 ，吸附的Cu^2 较难脱附，苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 在粘土矿物上吸附－脱附的影响显著，苄嘧磺隆增加了Cu^2 在Ca-蒙脱石上的吸附，苄嘧磺隆作为桥而连接Ca-蒙脱石和Cu^2 ，苄嘧磺隆的浓度越高，Cu^2 的吸附量越大，解吸量赵低，苄嘧磺隆对Cu^2 在高岭石上吸附的影响，则是低pH值增加Cu^2 吸附，高pH值时降低Cu^2 吸附，解吸率的变化相反。     

柱撑蒙脱石吸附与催化降解黄药的特性研究

以黄药水溶液为模拟对象,分别考察了粘土用量、吸附时间以及黄药初始浓度等参数对柱撑蒙脱石吸附黄药的影响,结果表明,改性后蒙脱石的结构变化对改善其吸附能力起到了关键作用,有机柱撑剂不仅改变了复合柱撑粘土中蒙脱石原有的亲水特性,合柱撑蒙脱石具有吸附速度快和吸附容量大的特点,同时改善了层间距中无机柱撑剂的物化特性,使得复并且提高了其催化性能。     

6种低分子有机酸对针铁矿、蒙脱石和生物炭中结合态Cd活化效果的对比

选择3种常用的土壤重金属稳定介质针铁矿、蒙脱石和生物炭,首先通过吸附实验使其对Cd达到吸附平衡（8、16和4 h）,并通过氯化镁洗脱获得稳定结合的Cd（2.52、0.93和1.04 mg·g-1）。随后分别用柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸、酒石酸、草酸、琥珀酸6种常见的植物根际低分子有机酸进行结合态Cd活化实验,测定活化率和活化量,对比活化效果。结果表明,6种低分子有机酸对针铁矿、蒙脱石、生物炭中结合态Cd的活化效果随浓度的增加而增加,其中柠檬酸的活化作用最大,其次为草酸,其余4种酸的活化效果差异不显著。柠檬酸随浓度增加,其对Cd活化率的线性增长率最高,在针铁矿、蒙脱石、生物炭中分别为1.74%、4.71%、2.12%。在250 μmol·L-1时,柠檬酸对针铁矿、蒙脱石、生物炭3种材料中Cd的活化率分别达到4.2%、11.0%、5.6%。对比研究表明,针铁矿吸附Cd效率高且稳定,蒙脱石吸附Cd效率低且易于被低分子有机酸活化。     

聚多巴胺/蒙脱土复合材料对SO2的吸附性能

采用原位插层聚合制备聚多巴胺改性蒙脱土复合材料并研究其SO2吸附性能。对复合材料进行元素分析、红外分析、热稳定性和X射线衍射表征,结果证实,聚多巴胺大分子链不仅在蒙脱土表面包覆改性,同时插层进入蒙脱土层间,增大蒙脱土层间距。讨论SO2起始质量分数、吸附剂用量和吸附温度对单位吸附容量的影响,结果表明,聚多巴胺改性蒙脱土的SO2吸附性能显著提高。在SO2起始质量分数为0.5、吸附剂用量为8 g、吸附温度为125℃时,聚多巴胺改性蒙脱土复合材料的单位吸附容量为1.225 g/g。     

BS+CTMAB复配修饰在黄棕壤吸附苯酚上的应用

本文基于两性修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)和阳离子型表面修饰剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)复配修饰蒙脱石吸附苯酚的最佳修饰比例基础上,分别以蒙脱石含量为43%和6%的2种黄棕壤制备了2个系列的BS-12+CTMAB复配修饰土样.以两性复配修饰蒙脱石作对比,研究了2种两性复配修饰黄棕壤对苯酚的吸附特征,分析了温度、pH值和离子强度对两性复配修饰黄棕壤吸附苯酚的影响,并探讨了两性复配修饰蒙脱石与两性复配修饰黄棕壤以及两性复配修饰黄棕壤之间吸附苯酚的差异性.结果表明,和两性复配修饰蒙脱石相同,复配修饰增强了两性修饰黄棕壤对苯酚的吸附能力,30℃时吸附量呈215BS+215CT(215%BS-12+215%CTMAB)215CT(215%CTMAB)215BS(215%BS-12)CK1(蒙脱石含量为43%未修饰黄棕壤)和33BS+33CT(33%BS-12+33%CTMAB)33CT(33%CTMAB)33BS(33%BS-12)CK2(蒙脱石含量为6%未修饰黄棕壤)顺序.Henry模型适用于描述苯酚在黄棕壤各供试土样中的吸附;2种修饰黄棕壤对苯酚吸附量均随温度、pH值的升高而降低,在低浓度范围内,随离子强度的增大而升高,和修饰蒙脱石吸附苯酚的规律相同;土样阳离子交换量(CEC)是决定两性复配修饰蒙脱石与黄棕壤以及2种两性复配修饰黄棕壤之间吸附苯酚存在差异的根本原因.     

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on soil and its components Ⅲ. Influence of clay acidity, humic acid coating and herbicide structure on acetanilide herbicide adsorption on homoionic clays

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on homoionic montmorillonite, soil humic acid, and their mixtures was studied by coupling batch equilibration and FT-IR analysis. Adsorption isotherms of acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor on Ca2 + -, Mg2 + -. Al3 + -and Fe3 + -saturated clays were well described by the Freundlich equation. Regardless of the type of exchange cations, Kf decreased in the order of metolachlor ＞ acetolachlor ＞ alachlor ＞ propachlor on the same clay. FT-IR spectra showed that the carbonyl group of the herbicide molecule was involved in binding, probably via H-bond with water molecules in the clay interlayer. The type and position of substitutions around the carbonyl group may have affected the electronegativity of oxygen, thus influencing the relative adsorption of these herbicides. For the same herbicide, adsorption on clay increased in the order of Mg2+ ＜ Ca2+ ＜ Al3+ ≤ Fe3+ which coincided with the iucreasing aciditv of homoionic clays. Acidity of cations may have affected the protonation of water, and thus the strength of H-bond between the clay water and herbicide. Complexation of clay and humic acid resulted in less adsorption than that expected from independent adsorption by the individual constituents. The effect varied with herbicides, but the greatest decrease in adsorption occurred at a 60:40 clay-to-humic acid ratio for all the herbicides. Causes for the decreased adsorption need to be characterized to better understand adsorption mechanisms and predict adsorption from soil compositions.