Maternal uniparental isodisomy 10 and mosaicism for an additional marker chromosome derived from the paternal chromosome 10 in a fetus

An Erratum has been published for this article in Prenatal Diagnosis 22(11) 2002: 1056. We report a case of maternal isodisomy 10 combined with mosaic partial trisomy 10 (p12.31-q11.1). Chromosome examinations from a CVS sample showed a karyotype 47,XY,+mar/46,XY. The additional marker chromosome which was present in 6/25 interphase nuclei was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to have been derived from a pericentromeric segment of chromosome 10. DNA analysis was performed from umbilical cord blood from the fetus after termination of the pregnancy at 18 weeks. The results showed that the two structurally normal chromosomes 10 were both of maternal origin, whereas the marker chromosome derived from the father. Autopsy of the fetus revealed hypoplasia of heart, liver, kidneys and suprarenal glands, but, apart from a right bifid ureter, no structural organ abnormalities. This fetus represents the second reported instance of a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 10. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Core concepts of landscape ecology

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｙｉｓａｎｅｗｌｙｅｍｅｒｇｅｄｔｒａｎｓｄｉｓｉｐｌｉｎａｒｙｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ．Ｔｈｉｓｍｕｌｔｉｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｂｒｉｎｇｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｔｏｉｔｓｄｅｖｅ...     

芜菁花叶病毒杭州株P1基因的克隆和在大肠杆菌中的表达

通过反转录ＰＣＲ，克隆得到１．２ｋｂ的ＴｕＭＶＨ１的Ｐ１片段，并在大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＧＥＭＥＸ－１中得以表达，表达产物为可融性融合蛋白，Ｍｒ≈６×１０４．     

An exploration of the relationships betweenmacroinvertebrate community composition and physical andchemical habitat characteristics in farm dams

Recently, Australian interest in farm dams has focused on rates of harvest of surface waters (runoff), and the impact this has on nearby natural systems. Little research has been directed towards the role of these artificial water bodies in sustaining biological reserves within the wider ecosystem. Macroinvertebrate communities in three farm dams in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales were surveyed, and water quality variables were correlated with species richness and abundance. Community responses to habitat factors including sediment depth, stock use, vegetation and debris were also examined. Communities were described at several taxonomic levels in addition to allocation to trophic groups and primary functional feeding groups.Species richness and abundance of communities were found to vary between dams and between habitat types within dams. The extent of these differences was decreased when communities were described by either trophic status or functional feeding mechanisms. Habitats were influenced by water quality and by physical features of the habitat, with the two factors interacting to define equilibrium conditions. Localised conditions resulted in different macroinvertebrate communities. Physicochemical parameters that correlated most closely with communities included light penetration, chlorophyll-a and conductivity. Habitat factors that were most frequently linked with communities were sediment depth and canopy cover, with localised disturbances related to stock use affecting feeding groups rather than specific taxa.One of the major problems associated with increasing modification of landscapes by agriculture or urbanisation is the fragmentation of undisturbed habitats. Creation of joint aquatic and woodland habitats enhances biodiversity corridors. The recognition of the potential for farm dams as reservoirs of biodiversity and development of management practices that optimise this neglected biodiversity reserve may have much wider benefits biologically, aesthetically and productively.     

基于标准化降水蒸散指数的中国东部季风区干旱特征分析

研究基于标准化降水蒸散指数,采用0.5°×0.5°中国地面气温和降水数据集,通过分析东部季风区季节和年尺度干旱覆盖率、频率以及单位面积干旱强度,揭示了中国东部季风区1961—2013年干旱特征时空分布变化。研究结果表明：近20 a东部季风区干旱特征变化明显,特别是1997年之后东部季风区干旱覆盖率和单位面积干旱强度显著增加;东北地区、华北平原、黄土高原和西南地区干旱频率增加,高频率覆盖范围扩大明显;气象干旱极端危险区扩大。全球变暖背景下东部季风区干旱呈现出极端化趋势。     

Land system architecture for urban sustainability: new directions for land system science illustrated by application to the urban heat island problem

ABSTRACT

Land system science (LSS) has expanded its research focus from the drivers of land-use and -cover change primarily in rural wildlands to include the social-environmental consequences of this change, urban areas, and sustainability practice. Land system architecture, interacting with the landscape mosaic approach in ecology, offers a special niche for the entry of rural areas and wildlands into urban sustainability research through examinations of the composition and configuration of ‘cityscapes’. Given the fine-grain data requirements of heterogeneous cityscapes, emergent land architecture-mosaic approaches have largely explored the urban heat island (UHI) problem, a topic that links LSS with the interests of urban climatology, engineering, and planning in city morphology or geometry. The subtle distinctions in the treatment of land configuration between land architecture-mosaic approaches and urban morphology-geometry approaches are identified. Several examples of the land architecture-mosaic approach illustrate the understanding gained about the UHI problem as well as its complementarity with morphology-geometry approaches. This understanding provides insights about the design of urban areas at the parcel to neighborhood scales to ameliorate extreme temperatures, an issue of increasing concern for urban areas worldwide and consistent with the sustainability problems identified by such international programs as Future Earth.     

中国城市CO_2排放数据集研究——基于中国高空间分辨率网格数据

城市CO_2排放数据的可获取性和质量直接影响了城市碳排放的科学研究、低碳战略制定及公众对于城市低碳发展的监督和参与。数据缺乏和多源数据的不确定性大是中国城市CO_2排放核算和低碳城市规划面临的重要问题和挑战,而这些问题同时也导致中国低碳城市研究水平参差不齐。本研究使用自下而上建立的中国高空间分辨率网格数据(空间分辨率为1km),采用统一数据源和规范化、标准化数据处理方法,建立中国城市CO_2排放数据集,供研究者和决策者参考。城市CO_2排放计算借鉴国际上较为成熟和应用广泛的核算方法,包括范围1和范围2排放。以北京、上海、天津、重庆和广州5个典型城市的能源统计数据自上而下计算其CO_2排放作为参考水平,检验数据集的数值质量,结果显示5个城市的数据差异均不超过10%。中国城市CO_2排放整体呈现北方大于南方,东部高于中部和西部的空间格局。CO_2排放量较高的城市大多处于华北、东北以及华东沿海地区,西部地区城市CO_2排放量则较低。城市CO_2排放8个部门(工业能源、工业过程、农业、服务业、城镇生活、农村生活、交通、范围2排放)之间的相关性中,城镇生活和交通排放的相关性最高,并且呈现显著性(p0.001),工业过程排放和服务业排放的相关性最弱且没有显著性。基于中国高空间分辨率网格数据的中国城市CO_2排放数据集的不断完善和发展,为中国城市CO_2排放研究奠定了重要的数据基础,为城市CO_2排放横向比较和对标工作提供了重要依据。     

洞庭湖区景观镶嵌结构和分形特征研究

利用1980、1990、2000年三期TM影像,应用遥感、地理信息系统技术和景观生态学相结合的方法研究了洞庭湖区景观镶嵌体的结构和形态特征。结果表明：洞庭湖区景观格局与动态特征以耕地、水域、居住建设用地变动为主;各种景观类型的分维数各不相同,分维数的大小依次是：耕地﹤未利用地﹤建设用地﹤水域﹤林地﹤草地,其中建设用地的分维数最接近于1.5,处于最不稳定状态,草地和林地分维数年际波动不大,处于最稳定的状态,耕地随着时间的推移,分维数不断降低;同一种景观类型的分维数在不同地貌条件下也存在差异,其中耕地、水域和居住建设用地的分维数随海拔增加呈增加趋势,草地和林地的变化则表现为相反,这种差异反映了地貌、地势、区位条件和人类活动对于同一景观类型的斑块形态的影响。     

中国生物多样性数据资源现状分析

为查明我国生物多样性数据资源分布、类型、规模和管理的现状,在1996年4月,采用调查表、现场访问和研讨会等方法首次对我国103个国家级机构的生物多样性数据资源进行了调查。结果表明,103个机构共拥有生物多样性数据集160个,从机构分布来看,约70％的数据集分布在专业研究所和大学;从信息类型来看,约69％的数据集是关于物种信息;从数据集形式和建立途径来看,约60％的数据集以数据库、文献集和标本３种形式储存,野外调查是建立数据集的最主要途径;从管理手段来看,全部和部分采用计算机管理的数据集约占46％;从获取途径来看,通过现场、出版物、磁盘或磁带获取的数据集约占78％。最后,通过对调查结果的综合评价,指出目前我国生物多样性数据管理和利用中存在的薄弱环节。     

基于镶嵌数据集的海量数据存储管理 ——以青海湖流域为例

如何对多源、多尺度和不同分辨率的海量影像数据进行高效存储与管理已成为当前地理信息数据库建库的关键。镶嵌数据集是当前管理栅格影像数据的新技术。本文详细阐述了镶嵌数据集管理海量数据的处理方法与入库技术流程。同时以青海湖流域为研究区,选择最新的Landsat 8遥感影像数据与Aster DEM两种数据格式为例,应用新的镶嵌数据集数据处理与入库技术,实现了不同格式影像数据的镶嵌处理、数据系列产品的生成以及不同格式栅格数据的标准统一与数据建库工作。实验结果表明,使用镶嵌数据集可以高效地处理不同来源、不同时期以及不同格式的影像数据,可以实现多种类型影像数据及相关数据产品的实时构建、快速查询以及大容量数据的高效存储,说明应用镶嵌数据集在多源数据集成管理、数据显示以及网络并发访问等方面具有巨大的优势。