海岸带城市环境-经济系统的协调发展评价及应用--以天津市为例

在海岸带城市的环境一经济系统分析的基础上,建立了适用于海岸带城市的环境一经济协调发展评价指标体系。并以天津市为例。采用综合指数法对其协调度和综合发展水平进行了计算。结果表明。天津市环境与经济发展关系相对趋于协调。但1995年后天津市的环境经济协调发展模式已从经济增长滞后型发展为环境质量滞后型。利用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型对天津市未来15年的经济协调度和发展水平进行预测,发现天津市环境与经济发展协调度在未来将显现下降趋势,从2000年的0．95下降到2015年的0．59。城市综合发展水平在2005年之后也开始呈下降趋势。     

关于地区绿色距离和绿色贡献的变迁分析

全面建设小康社会必须摒弃“高消耗、高污染、低产出”的模式,树立和落实科学发展观,走绿色发展道路。该文以万元GDP能源消耗、水资源消耗、COD排放、SO2排放4个指标为基础,建立体现经济与环境协调发展的绿色距离和绿色贡献2个综合性指标,以生态省和生态市捐应指标为标准,分析了我国大陆地区各省份对应4个指标的绿色距离和绿色贡献现状。比较分析表明：经济发达地区如北京、上海、江苏、浙江等省份开始向“绿色经济”变迁;经济中游地区如辽宁、河北、湖北、安徽、吉林、黑龙江等省份则处于走出“黑色经济”发展的边缘并向“绿色经济”转化的阶段;其他地区则基本上处于“黑色经济”发展阶段,不仅绿色距离大,而且绿色贡献均小于1。     

安全煤岩柱性能研究及综合评价

在对里彦煤矿采矿地质条件分析的基础上,对安全煤岩柱的化学成分及其阻水性能、岩性及力学特征进行了研究.针对里彦煤矿的具体情况,分析了里彦安全煤岩柱的阻水性能,认为其阻水性能良好,可以适当减小防水防砂煤岩柱宽度,以提高开采上限,释放部分煤炭储量.     

论楔块运动与地震带的关系

目前，地震和地震带的成因问题仍然是世界性的科学难题。本研究认为圈闭隐爆作用能形成正楔块、倒楔块；负荷均衡作用能引起楔块运动；楔块运动形成了断陷盆地，也就是说，地堑、地垒是楔块运动的产物；最终，试图通过对楔块运动模式的研究揭示地壳凹陷与地震带的成因问题。     

Conservation and management of the Bangladesh coastal ecosystem: Overview of an integrated approach

Although the coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh contains a highly functional and structurally diverse ecology, this ecology is gradually being degraded. As a consequence, the quality of life of a large section of the coastal community is in economic decline. This poses a daunting challenge to the sectoral coastal management programmes, active since the 1960s, aiming at simultaneously ameliorating people's livelihood and supporting the ecosystem. These programmes have been reasonably successful in managing the ecosystem, but in many cases, the situation has become worse. The limitations of these programmes include the tendency to adopt an exclusionist approach, a narrowly departmentalized administration and weak management. Currently, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approach is espoused as the main strategy. With the adoption of Bangladesh's Coastal Zone Policy of 2005, the foundation for integrated management was laid. The next realistic target will be to bring about changes in culture and mandate among coastal institutions in favour of integrated management.     

HOW RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS ARE PROTECTED AT LAKE TAHOE1

Riparian ecosystems are designated for special protection from development and disturbance at Lake Tahoe. The Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA) required protection of Stream Environment Zones (SEZs) in its Regional Plan for the Lake Tahoe Basin in 1987. These zones are identified by the presence of key indicators such as the evidence of surface water flow, riparian vegetation, near‐surface ground water, designated floodplain, and alluvial soils. They are mapped on each potential building site and assigned a setback that is also off limits to building construction. The SEZs are protected to maintain their functions and values, including flood attenuation, water quality enhancement, and wildlife habitat. Strict regulations control use or disturbance of SEZs on public and private property throughout the watershed. The TRPA has set restoration targets to increase the acreage of naturally functioning SEZs in the Tahoe Basin. Many SEZ restoration projects have been designed and implemented, but SEZ restoration targets have not been met. More SEZ restoration projects are being designed and funded each year. Restoration designers would benefit from increased effectiveness monitoring of completed projects and Web‐based dissemination of monitoring results.     

High visibility safety apparel and nighttime conspicuity of pedestrians in work zones

PROBLEM: Every year numerous occupational fatalities result from pedestrians being struck by motor vehicles intruding into work zones. METHOD: Attributes of retroreflective personal safety garments on pedestrian conspicuity at night were assessed in a field study. Using instrumented vehicles on a closed track, participants drove through simulated work zones attempting to detect pedestrians located in the work zones. RESULTS: Configuration of the retroreflective trim, trim color, placement in the work zone, and driver age significantly affected pedestrian conspicuity. Intensity and the amount of retroreflective trim did not. DISCUSSION: Personal safety garments incorporating retroreflective trim significantly improve pedestrian conspicuity in work zones. SUMMARY: The results emphasize the importance of retroreflective trim on personal safety garments, particularly if the trim is located on garment sleeves. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: We examine the design attributes that contribute to making a personal safety garment conspicuous. The results have implications regarding preferred garment designs, industry standards, and service life of personal safety garments.     

山脊防火林带有效结构的研究

防火林带的防火性能与阻风性能密切相关。本实验采用风洞模拟方法,对通风结构、疏透结构和紧密结构3种防火林带附近的风速进行测定,绘制了3种结构防火林带迎风面的风廊线。结果表明：紧密结构与疏透结构防火林带附近的阻风性能比较好,而通风结构阻风性能最差;但紧密结构防火林带上方的相对风速高达130％,为飞火的产生创造了条件;疏透结构林带上方的最大相对风速只有110％,不具备飞火产生的条件。所以,山脊防火林带的有效结构为疏透结构。     

云南宣威群地层路堑边坡滑带土蠕变特性研究

为研究云南宣威群地层路堑边坡滑带土的蠕变特性,采用GDS非饱和反压直剪仪,对边坡滑带土进行直剪蠕变试验,研究该路堑边坡滑带土在不同法向应力下的蠕变特性和长期强度.试验结果表明:该路堑边坡滑带土的绝对蠕变量随水平剪切应力的增加而增加,当水平剪切应力一定时,滑带土的绝对蠕变量与法向应力呈负相关性,而滑带土的瞬时蠕变量随水平...