基于MBBR技术的白酒窖底废水与低C/N生活污水协同处理系统的构建及功能微生物分析

为解决低C/N污水和高浓度白酒废水(HCBW)处理所面临的问题,采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR),构建了白酒窖底废水与模拟低C/N生活污水协同处理系统,以改性海绵填料和流化床填料分别探究HCBW作为反硝化外加碳源对低C/N生活污水处理的影响。结果表明：海绵填料协同处理系统(A1)对COD、${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N、TN和色度的平均去除率分别为91.29%、99.08%、89.81%和80.66%,流化床填料系统(A2)的平均去除率分别为90.51%、98.58%、75.73%和76.07%,改性海绵填料的去除效果优于流化床填料;混合废水经过MBBR系统处理后,${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $和TN得到了有效去除,出水中的醇类、硫酸盐和磷酸盐物质的相对比例有一定程度增加;协同处理系统A1和A2的硝化优势菌属均为Nakamurella、Nitrospira,反硝化优势菌属均为Amaricoccus、Dokdonella和Thermomonas,可能参与有机物去除的优势功能菌属均为Micropruina。通过功能预测得出：协同处理系统A1、A2中的主要代谢通路均为氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢,主要的环境信息处理通路均为复制与修复和转译,主要的遗传信息处理通路均为膜运输。以上研究结果可为HCBW的资源化利用、低C/N生活污水处理提供参考。     

低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响研究

研究了低温条件下硬硅钙石二次粒子对UASB反应器污泥颗粒化的影响规律。结果表明,硬硅钙石二次粒子可保证厌氧初期细菌所需的碱度,提高系统的耐缓冲能力,有利于维持系统正常的挥发性脂肪酸浓度,促进高浓度颗粒化污泥的形成,提高处理效率。     

Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Energy recovery from refuse derived fuels (RDF) and packaging derived fuels (PDF) is one option in integrated waste management. Nine RDF and PDF co-combustion tests with peat and coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler were carried out in this work. Heavy metal emissions in flue gas and fly ash were measured. Multivariate data analyses were used to find out the most important parameters affecting metal emissions in the flue gas.

The results showed that total heavy metal emissions were low. Although RDF and PDF had more heavy metals than peat and coal, the multivariate data analysis showed that an increase of the RDF or PDF share in the fuel mixture up to 20% did not correlate directly with the metal emissions in the flue gas. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn between flue gas and fly ash correlated with each other. Injection of limestone to bind sulphur and chlorine did not have a significant effect on heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. Heavy metals concentrated on the fly ash, but all fly ashes passed the EPA-TCLP tests.     

The use of nanovermiculite catalyst in the study of removal of the organic load and degradation of atrazine via ozone process in RPB reactor

Abstract

The main objective of this study is the degradation of a synthetic solution of atrazine by a modified vermiculite catalyzed ozonation, in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor. A 0.5?L RPB reactor was used to perform the experiments, using a Central Composite Design (CCD) response surface to construct the quadratic model based on the factors: pH, catalyst concentration and reactor rotation frequency. The response variable was the removal of the organic load measured in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). After the complete quadratic model was constructed through the response surface, the COD degradation process had an optimal removal of 41% under the following conditions: pH 8.0, rotation of 1150?rpm and catalyst concentration 0.66?g L^?1.     

CFD Prediction of Air Quality in the Area between Two City Vehicular Tunnels Considering Moving Cars

Concentration fields of different pollutants that spread outside two roadtunnels predicted with a CFD code will be presented. The solution domain represents the city area located between two tunnel outlets – tunnel Strahov and tunnel Mrazovka in Prague. The vicinity of both tunnels is a heavily built up area with tall buildings forming typical street canyons. The CFD modelling predicts the situation after the tunnel Mrazovka will be finished and traffic will increase considerably between both tunnels. Namely, an interest was given to the prediction of dispersion of emissions leaving both tunnel and the area touched by the traffic. For the CFD predictions, a method previously developed for moving vehicles was used. The method uses combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches to moving objects and is capable of modeling different speeds and traffic rates of cars as well as traffic-induced turbulence. Influence of several meteorological parameters was studied, namely wind speed and direction and traffic parameters, like traffic rates and speed of cars. The method separates contributions from different sources to the total concentration field, namely from background, tunnel outlet and roadway. Results are presented in the form of horizontal and vertical concentration fields of NO_x.     

循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术改造

对承德市热电厂CG35／3．82－MX型循环流化术锅炉的脱硫除尘系统进行了改造,解决了原水膜除尘器效率低,烟法排放严重超标的问题,取得了良好的环境效益,社会效益和经济效益。     

Downward Migration of Dense Bottom Currents

The focus of this paper is on the dynamics of a dense current flowing along the continental slope, and the frictionally induced downward motion it experiences. In particular, the movement of the lateral boundaries where the isopycnals meet the bottom are considered. The current is taken to be wide compared to the Rossby radius, which is in accordance with observations and makes the dynamics quasigeostrophic. The time development of the plume thickness is studied, using three different parameterisations for the bottom friction.Independently of the choice of parameterisation, the following results are obtained: In the central part of the plume friction acts as a diffusive process to minimise the curvature of the upper surface of the plume. At the upper edge the plume quickly approaches a state with small slope, i.e. small geostrophic velocity and small frictionally induced downward flow. At the lower edge a tongue of dense water shoots out creating a widening layer. The thickness of the migrating layer is approximately equal to the boundary layer depth and its downward speed is comparable to the along-slope geostrophic velocity. The downslope end of the migrating layer may form a steep front which requires some precautions in the numerical procedure.     

多级多段纯膜MBBR工艺的脱氮稳定性与微生物菌落结构分析

采用宏观运行、原位小试及微观群落组成相结合的方式,探究了多级多段的纯膜MBBR工艺在工程应用中的脱氮效果及脱氮路径。结果表明,纯膜MBBR耦合改良磁加载沉淀工艺的HRT相比传统活性污泥工艺可缩短50%,且脱氮稳定性强。建议纯膜MBBR采用两级AO设计,并根据出水标准及进水波动情况,前缺氧和主好氧区分别设置2级以上以及2~4级工艺。在实际运行面临水质冲击时,通过生物膜传质梯度增加,可以显著提升污染物去除负荷,保证脱氮稳定性。在水质冲击幅度过大时,可以通过临时投加外投碳源的方式保证出水氮素稳定达标。纯膜MBBR优势硝化菌Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas,在主好氧区相对丰度分别达到3.50%~6.91%和0.65%~2.28%。Denitratisoma、Flavobacterium、Hyphomicrobium、Terrimonas和Rhodobacter等优势反硝化菌属的合计相对丰度10.85%~16.52%。缺氧区和好氧区污染物最大去除负荷与功能菌相对丰度均呈正相关。纯膜MBBR在前缺氧区提高了Candidatus Brocadia型厌氧氨氧化菌富集效率,相对丰度达到1.21%~1.56%,可为主流厌氧氨氧化的稳定实现提供参考。纯膜MBBR结合多级多段设计,具备节地效果好,抗冲击能力高等优势。     

鼓泡床锅炉富氧焚烧含油污泥技术

提出了一种新型的含油污泥焚烧近零排放处理方式,即利用富氧燃烧技术焚烧含油污泥,油泥无需干化,并可以回收烟气中的CO2直接用于油田驱油,可以实现CO2的近零排放。以日焚烧200 t含油污泥为研究对象,构建了鼓泡床富氧燃烧含油污泥锅炉原则性热力系统,并分别从炉膛内密相区埋管、稀相区受热面和尾部对流受热面等方面进行了概念设计,根据鼓泡床锅炉的设计原则并结合富氧燃烧技术特点,设计了一台富氧燃烧含油污泥鼓泡床锅炉。详细介绍了鼓泡床焚烧锅炉的设计参数、结构布置,结果表明：鼓泡床富氧焚烧含油污泥系统的锅炉效率可达92.59%,富氧燃烧工况下炉膛内的换热量远远大于对流换热量。     

沸石-茭白复合床技术脱氮中试研究

通过模拟农村暴雨径流水质 ,开展了沸石 茭白复合床技术处理农村暴雨径流的中试研究 ,分析了在不同工况下床体中各态氮的变化规律 ,结果表明 ,该项技术应用于暴雨径流氮的控制是可行的。