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961.
Arthur L. Fredeen James T. Randerson N. Michele Holbrook Christopher B. Field 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(5):1033-1039
ABSTRACT: Californian annual grassland on sandstone (moderately fertile) and serpentine (very infertile) soils at the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford, California, were exposed to ambient or elevated (ambient + 36 Pa CO2) atmospheric CO2 in open-top chambers since December 1991. We measured ecosystem evapotranspiration with open gas-exchange systems, and soil moisture with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) over 0–15 cm (serpentine) and 0–30 cm (sandstone) depths, at times of peak above ground physiological activity. Evapotranspiration decreased by 12 to 63 percent under elevated CO2 in three consecutive years in the sandstone ecosystem (p = 0.053, p = 0.162, p = 0.082 in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively). In correspondence with decreased evapotranspiration, late-season soil moisture reserves in the sandstone were extended temporally by 10 ± 3 days in 1993 and by 28 ± 11 days in 1994. The effect of elevated CO2 on soil moisture was greater in the drier spring of 1994 (419 mm annual rainfall) than in 1993 (905 mm annual rainfall). In the serpentine ecosystem, evapotranspiration and soil moisture reserves were not clearly affected by elevated CO2. Soil water may be conserved in drought-affected ecosystems exposed to elevated CO2, but the amount of conservation appears to depend on the relative importance of transpiration and soil evaporation in controlling water flux. 相似文献
962.
本文论述了水土水流失对生态环境的影响和对农业生产的危害,阐明增强环境意识,加强水土保持时防止生态恶化,是我国振兴农业的重要性与紧迫性的任务。 相似文献
963.
中国80年代的国土规划实际上是50年代区域规划的继续和发展.在四川省编制各种不同的国土规划已近10年。本文以四川的区域(国土)规划实践为依据,就此在进入深化、提高阶段之后的问题.从规划组织形式、类型体系、研究方法的角度进行探讨。 相似文献
964.
介绍了喷射钻井井底流场特性、喷嘴射流破岩机理、脉冲射流喷嘴、新型水力流道钻头的研究与应用情况,以及水射流技术在石油钻井用钻头上的应用前景。 相似文献
965.
Robert H. Montgomery Kenneth H. Reckhow 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(1):43-52
ABSTRACT: With the advent of standards and criteria for water quality variables, there has been an increasing concern about the changes of these variables over time. Thus, sound statistical methods for determining the presence or absence of trends are needed. A Trend Detection Method is presented that provides: 1) Hypothesis Formulation - statement of the problem to be tested, 2) Data Preparation - selection of water quality variable and data, 3) Data Analysis - exploratory data analysis techniques, and 4) Statistical Tests - tests for detecting trends. The method is utilized in a stepwise fashion and is presented in a nonstatistical manner to allow use by those not well versed in statistical theory. While the emphasis herein is on lakes, the method may be adopted easily to other water bodies. 相似文献
966.
ABSTRACT: Country level electoral data were used to analyze the voting patterns of eight water related constitutional amendment elections. Both water quality enhancement amendments (1971, 1976), and three of six water development amendments (1957, 1962, 1966) have been ratified, thus establishing a statewide policy of reservoir development, a funding mechanism to implement such a policy, and the creation of a water management agency. Begining with the 1969 election, a West Texas-East Texas regionalized voting pattern has emerged, resulting in the defeat of three amendments (1969, 1976, 1981) intended to provide additional funding for water development. This regionalization reflects different climatic, physiographic, economic, and locational factors, and represents a potential obstacle to coordinated water management in Texas. 相似文献
967.
针对湖泊富营养状态Hamming贴近度评价模型存在的“阈值漂移”问题,重新构造了评价参数隶属函数,提出了一种湖泊营养状态Euclid贴近度评价模型,经过对全国23个湖泊富营养状态的实例分析,证明这种评价模型结构合理,评价过程简单,模型通用性好。 相似文献
968.
In 1980, the World Health Organization (Regional Office for Europe) invited The Centre for Environmental Management and Planning (CEMP) to organize a two-week training course on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to provide a comprehensive introduction to EIA with emphasis on methods and techniques for impact identification, prediction and assessment. Not suprisingly the topic of environmental health impact assessment was to be a major focus. Since 1980, the course has been held each year at the University of Aberdeen. An analysis of participation in the course during its first five years yields several impressions about the success of this training effort and the ways in which it might be improved. 相似文献
969.
城市噪声对校园的干扰类型与特征浅析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对阿图什市区各学校所受的周边环境噪声干扰情况进行了监测,运用声环境评价方法,将市区10所学校校园划分为清静型、扰闹型和持续吵闹型3种噪声干扰类型。分析了各类型的特征和成因,并提出防治措施。 相似文献
970.
厨房空气中甲醛卫生标准的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对甲醛嗅及刺激阈的测试,毒理学资料分析,结合现场流行病学调查,提出了厨房空气中甲醛的一次最高容浓度为0.13mg/m^3。 相似文献