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31.
化学品环境管理全球治理格局与中国管理体制的完善 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
全球化的今天,以欧盟化学品注册、评估、许可制度(REACH)为代表的化学品环境管理政策和制度日益显示出广泛的国际影响;POPs公约等国际公约的签署、全球统一的化学品分类和标识系统(GHS)的推广及国际化学品管理战略步骤(SAICM)的提出愈发表明,化学品环境管理正呈现出各国联动、彼此影响的全球治理格局.但作为世界化学品生产和使用大国,我国化学品产业发展和管理水平落后,化学品环境污染及健康风险问题日渐突出,主要表现在:以职业安全管理为主体的化学品管理体制相对落后,化学品环境管理立法薄弱,制度不健全.研究认为,推行GHS系统,建立专门化学品环境管理行政法规或综合法律,建立行政协调机制及现有化学品风险评价、优先风险管理以及污染排放、转移和登记(PRTR)制度,完善有毒污染物环境监测制度和重大危险源管理制度,加强新化学品申报登记管理相关制度间的协调,将是中国化学品环境管理发展完善的重要方面. 相似文献
32.
新形势下城市巨系统面临更多不确定性风险与未知扰动,要求安全防灾规划从目标对象、战略定位、技术手段与规划理念等方面做出适应调整,通过韧性城市建设引领区域安全稳定发展。对韧性城市的概念起源、理论发展与实践探索进行了梳理和评述,并结合我国“多规合一”后的国土空间规划体系改革,对空间治理背景下韧性规划的内涵特征、层级类型、流程形式与公共治理进行认识与思考;并从深化韧性城市的理论构建与机理研究、转变规划编制的设计思路和实践流程、完善韧性实践中的规划传导和尺度治理、关注韧性建设中的基层治理和公众参与四个方面,提出韧性规划的实践路径展望,力求有序推进我国城市公共安全现代化治理建设。 相似文献
33.
我国固体废物的管理体制问题分析 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
随着经济的发展和城市化水平的提高,固体废物的产生量迅速膨胀,其已成为制约社会和经济持续健康发展的瓶颈.以政策过程为主线,主要在责任界定、政策制定、政策执行和效果监督等环节上对城市生活垃圾、工业固体废物、危险废物和进口固体废物这4种重要的固体废物管理中存在的问题进行分析.结果表明,城市生活垃圾和工业固体废物管理中最亟待解决的问题均在于管理责任机制不明确;危险废物管理中最显著的困难在于国内相关法律法规还不健全、存在监管漏洞;进口固体废物管理中关注的重点是电子垃圾非法贸易问题.针对以上问题,给出了相应的政策建议,以促进固体废物管理体制基础的完善. 相似文献
34.
随着新一代信息化技术的蓬勃发展,数字孪生技术在各行业的应用也愈发深入。面对流域水环境治理在管理部门多、空间尺度大、外部环境多变、联合调度难等问题,以黄孝河、机场河水环境综合治理项目为研究对象,以数字孪生五维模型为理论基础,基于模型模拟预测、BIM、Unreal Engine等新一代信息化技术,建立黄孝河、机场河水环境综合治理数字孪生平台,融合流域内的天气状态、水质状态、异常事件、调度指令等关键信息,构建\"流域-区域-厂站\"三级仿真体系,实现了\"源、厂、网、河、湖\"的一体化管理,为管理者提供智能运维、预测预警、动态调度等应用价值,实现了水务治理的实时有效监管和科学辅助决策,以期为未来智慧水务建设提供经验参考。 相似文献
35.
随着我国经济的快速发展,伴随而来的是日趋严峻的环境污染,而在政府环境监管的背景下,各个利益相关者之间的博弈在环保效果实施中发挥了很大的作用。利用博弈论的分析方法,建立了一个关于中央政府、地方政府和企业三个利益相关者之间的利益博弈模型,通过对该模型的求解得出三方的平衡状态。最后针对如何实现政府高效监管和企业最优环境策略,向博弈三方共同努力推动社会经济可持续发展提供了相关政策建议。 相似文献
36.
37.
Climate governance in Small Island developing States (SIDS) is a pressing priority to preserve livelihoods, biodiversity and ecosystems for the next generations. Understanding the dynamics of climate change policy integration is becoming more crucial as we try to measure the success of environmental governance efforts and chart new goals for sustainable development. At the international level, climate change policy has evolved from single issue to integrated approaches towards achieving sustainable development. New actors, new mechanisms and institutions of governance with greater fragmentation in governance across sectors and levels (Biermann and Pattberg, 2008) make integration of policy in the area of climate change governance even more of a challenge today. What is the Caribbean reality regarding policy coherence in climate change governance? Are the same climate change policy coherence frameworks useful or indeed applicable for environmental governance in developing states more generally and for SIDS in particular? What are the best triggers to achieve successful climate change policy integration in environmental governance—especially as the complex interconnectivity of new actors, institutions and mechanisms make the process of integration even more challenging? What facilitates and what hampers climate policy integration in the regional Caribbean context? This article reviews the debates around policy coherence for climate change governance, creates a framework to test or measure policy coherence and examines how relevant this has been to regional climate change governance processes in Commonwealth Caribbean States. The study found that though at the regional level, there is substantial recognition of the importance of and mechanics involved in climate policy coherence, this has not translated to policy coherence at the regional and national levels. There is a large degree of fragmentation in the application of climate policy in each Caribbean Island with no mechanism to breach the gap. Silos in public environmental governance architectures, unwillingness to share data, insufficient political will; unsustainable project-based funding and lack of accountability among actors are the main challenges to climate policy coherence. The findings fill a gap in the literature on the elements of climate policy coherence from a SIDS perspective. 相似文献
38.
We propose a suite of actions for strengthening water governance in contexts with complex, multi-tiered arrangements. In doing so, we focus on the collective water policies and approaches of the United Kingdom (UK), including those of devolved governments, which confront a host of serious water-related challenges—from massive flooding of urban areas and agricultural lands, to pressure on aquifers from rising water demand and drought. Further complexity in addressing these challenges has emerged in the wake of the June 2016 vote to leave the European Union (EU), so-called ‘Brexit’, and the ensuing ‘separation process’ with uncertainties for institutional and governance arrangements to follow. We make ten proposals for improving and reinvigorating water policy in complex, multi-layered situations, and comment specifically on their application in the UK setting. These are: put in place a system-wide water policy; fully embrace community-led nested river basin planning and management; fully fund river basin planning and management; re-focus the policy framing; use best-available data and information; create conversational spaces and become a more water-literate society; mobilise people; support and sustain core community networks; underpin river basin plans with regulatory provisions and effective monitoring and enforcement; and address systemic institutional amnesia. Individually and collectively, we contend that these actions will have a marked effect on transforming the planning and management of water resources. A system-wide water policy that maintains and builds on the substantive biophysical and socio-economic benefits delivered through implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, together with the more recent Floods Directive, will galvanise stewardship of water in the UK. We urge more active engagement with and empowerment of the multiplicity of system ‘actors’, and highlight the role of non-government actors in a post-Brexit world as conduits for reaching out to and connecting directly with a wide range of water-related actors, especially across the EU. While attention to-date has focused on a plethora of specifically water-related projects, initiatives, plans and regulations, what is really needed is a systemic, long-term view of water resource management. 相似文献
39.
面对经济高速发展带来的工业污染形势,从工业污染问题的结构性问题突出、环境风险隐患大、污染物排放总量大等三大现状入手,对工业污染问题产生的经济和社会原因进行了分析,经济原因主要是追求利益最大化,环保资金投入不足和工业生产的外部不经济性,社会原因主要是环境社会责任感不足和监督体制机制不完善,提出了积极发展循环经济,充分借助市场经济之手和完善行政管控制度的对策,得出了迫切需要加快工业污染治理的结论。 相似文献
40.
张思玉 《防灾科技学院学报》2009,11(2):1-3
森林火灾是当今世界上八大自然灾害之一,不仅具有灾害学中所描述的关于自然灾害的一般特性,而且具有自身的特点.本文从自然灾害的属性、特点、基本研究内容和方法等几个方面,论述了灾害学为森林火灾分区分类施治理论提供的理论依据. 相似文献