生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田氨挥发排放的影响

以养分回用为目的,在原状土柱模拟试验条件下,采用间歇密闭式抽气法研究了生活污水灌溉对麦秸还田稻田田面水铵态氮浓度、田面水pH以及稻田氨挥发损失的影响.结果表明:1麦秸还田显著增加了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度,生活污水灌溉则显著降低了田面水NH_4~+-N浓度.2正常灌溉施肥秸秆不还田稻田处理的总氨挥发量为58.29 kg·hm-2,占总施氮量的24.29%;麦秸还田显著增加了稻田的氨挥发损失,氨挥发损失量增加了近一倍,达总施氮量的45.66%;而生活污水灌溉显著降低了稻田氨挥发损失量,氨挥发损失量降至总施肥量的17.26%(秸秆不还田)和32.72%(秸秆还田).秸秆还田与生活污水处理具有显著的正交互作用.在3个肥期中,分蘖肥期氨挥发损失率最高,占总氮肥用量的7.38%~24.44%.3无论秸秆还田与否,氨挥发通量与田面水NH_4~+-N浓度之间均存在极显著的正相关关系,与田面水pH值则相关性不显著.麦秸还田增加了稻田氨挥发损失,而麦秸还田与生活污水灌溉耦合能降低稻田氨挥发损失,同时污水中的氮可替代44.41%的化肥氮,减少稻季化肥用量,具有显著的生态环境效益.     

南方稻区季节性干旱农户适应行为及其影响因素实证分析

气候异常给我国粮食生产带来的影响成为当前社会各界关注的焦点。受全球气候变暖影响,大范围持续性干旱成为农业生产的最严重威胁,特别是近年来南方稻区季节性干旱问题日趋严重,已严重危害到我国经济社会的和谐健康发展。因此,如何适应季节性干旱已成为当前全社会普遍关注的话题,农户作为农业生产的微观决策主体,其适应季节性干旱行为选择如何,其影响因素有哪些?此问题的解决是实现科学减灾的前提和基础。因此,论文利用南方稻区江西省41个县755份农户调查样本数据,从理论与实证上分析了季节性干旱农户适应行为及其影响因素,统计结果表明：面对季节性干旱时,68.6%的农户会采取相应的适应行为,并且补种（苗）、改种其他作物、调整播种和收获日期是农户最优先考虑采用的适应措施,而资金和劳力是农户采取适应行为措施最主要的限制因素。利用Probit回归模型、Poisson回归模型和Tobit回归模型实证分析了季节性干旱农户适应行为措施选择、采用规模和采用强度的影响因素,计量结果表明：社区资本、干旱发生频率、防灾信息的可获性等因素对农户适应行为采用意愿、规模和强度有正向影响,而所在村距最近公路远近和所处的地形特征对农户适应行为采用意愿、规模和强度有负向影响。因此,需要进一步丰富社区资本、加强农户防灾信息可获性以及加强交通基础设施建设等方面以促进农户采纳适应措施的积极性。     

Pollution extents of organic substances from a coal gangue dump of Jiulong Coal Mine,China

This paper addresses the distribution and occurrence of harmful organic substances in coal gangue dump from Jiulong Coal Mine and its influence on the environment. The samples were taken from the coal gangue dump and coal waste water stream and analyzed by organic geochemical methods. The results indicate that the coal gangues contain abundant harmful organic substances like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The TOC and sulfur contents of the samples are much higher than those of the background sample except Sample JL7. The contents of organic bulk parameters are relatively high. Ten carcinogenic PAHs were identified and these harmful organic substances have influenced the surrounding area. Along the waste water stream, organic substances pollute at least 1,800 m far from the coal gangue dump.     

处理化肥厂造气废水新型催化剂的研究

利用合成的氧化还原树脂进行了实际废水的处理 ,取得了良好的效果 ,开辟了废水处理的一条新途径。     

A Multi-Channel Continuous Water Toxicity Monitoring System: Its Evaluation and Application to Water Discharged from a Power Plant

A multi-channel continuous water toxicity monitoring system was, after confirming the systems' performance, implemented to samples of water discharged from power plants to detect and classify their toxicity using several recombinant bioluminescent bacteria. Each channel of the system is composed of a series of two mini-bioreactors to enable a continuous operation, i.e., without system interruption due to highly toxic samples. A different recombinant bacterial strain was present in each channel: DPD2540 (fabA::lux CDABE), DPD2794 (recA::luxCDABE), and TV1061 (grpE::luxCDABE), which are induced by cell membrane-, DNA-, and protein-damaging agents, respectively. GC2 (lac::luxCDABE) is a constitutive strain, whose bioluminescence is reduced by an increase in cellular toxicity. Phenol and mitomycin C (MMC) were used for evaluating the system's performance to detect toxic chemicals. These samples were injected into the second mini-bioreactor according to a step or bell-curve manner. The field samples used in this study were obtained from the water discharged from two different power plants in Korea – from a nuclear power plant and a thermo-electronic power plant, and were injected into the second mini-bioreactor to initiate the toxicity test. Each channel showed specific bioluminescent (BL) response profiles due to the toxic compounds present in the water samples. Comparing the BL signals between the standard toxic chemical samples and discharged water samples, the equivalent toxicity of the field water could be estimated. Finally, it was proved that this novel continuous toxicity monitoring system can be used as an alternative tool for the quick monitoring and control of water quality, as well as aid in the setting up of a new monitoring strategy to protect the source of tap water and in the prevention of polluted water discharge.     

原子荧光光度法测定水中汞的不确定度分析

用原子荧光光度法对测定水中汞的不确定度进行分析,找出影响不确定的因素,对测量不确定度进行计算和评定,结果表明影响其测量不确定度主要因素是原子荧光光强度值带来的不确定度,其它因素是次要的.     

风化煤腐植酸增效尿素红外光谱分析

采用碱性混合活化剂处理风化煤,研制腐植酸添加剂,按不同比例添加到尿素熔融液中,采用模拟喷浆造粒的方法,制备3类增效尿素。通过风化煤与添加剂、尿素与增效尿素红外光谱特征对比发现：风化煤经过活化后,碳单键数量降低,碳链缩短,活性腐植酸HA类提取物出现活性官能团,FR类除单键数量减少和碳链缩短外,生成部分胺、酰胺结构;增效剂与尿素在反应过程中,出现了三键和累积双键破坏、稳定性复合物形成、碳链缩短、双键结构增加等变化,但不同类型增效剂对产品红外光谱特征影响存在差异。     

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺特性研究

CAST分段进水强化脱氮工艺技术采用优化运行时序、调整充水比等方法,在污废水处理中利用原水中的有机物作为反硝化碳源,具有较好的脱氮性能,在节省外加碳源投加量的基础上,不仅保持了传统CAST工艺的优点,强化了脱氮效果,并且在系统启动时间、抗冲击能力、污泥负荷承担能力和节能降耗方面也均优于水厂传统的CAST系统,值得大范围推广应用。     

原煤中多环芳烃的分离与测定

本实验以苯为溶剂对不同产地、不同品种的原煤进行了提取。提取液经柱层析分离及薄层层析和纸层析进一步纯化。利用色质联用、荧光光谱和高压液相色谱等方法对提取液中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了测定,并用标准样品验证,在原煤中检测出51种多环芳烃,其含量为0.002—44.2ppm。 本文提供了原煤中多环芳烃的本底数据并试图探索不同煤种与多环芳烃含量的相关性。     

Agronomic Water Mass Balance vs. Well Measurement for Assessing Ogallala Aquifer Depletion in the Texas Panhandle

The Ogallala Aquifer is depleting faster than it is being replenished. Interpretation of well data suggests that the water table in some counties is not declining, or not as much as might be expected in view of the amount of land being irrigated. As the Ogallala Aquifer in the Texas Panhandle receives almost no recharge, a possible explanation is that the current method of using well data for estimating the quantity of water remaining in the aquifer is underestimating water in storage. This study used an agronomic water mass balance approach to estimate how much water has been used for irrigation compared to amounts estimated by well data. The major finding was in counties where irrigation well capacities have declined significantly but irrigation is continuing, there is likely more water in storage than presently estimated, but the amounts of water being used for irrigation in those counties are greater than estimated changes of water in storage. The proposed hypothesis for this difference is there are mounds of water between wells that are not being accounted for and data are presented and discussed to support this conjecture.