WATERSHED OPTIMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: CONTINUOUS SIMULATION VERSUS DESIGN STORMS1

ABSTRACT: Nonpoint source (NPS) models and expert opinions are often used to prescribe best management practices (BMPs) for controlling NPS pollution. An optimization algorithm (e.g., a genetic algorithm, or GA) linked with a NPS model (e.g., Annualized AGricultural Nonpoint Source pollution model, or AnnAGNPS), can be used to more objectively prescribe BMPs and to optimize NPS pollution control measures by maximizing pollutant reduction and net monetary return from a watershed. Pollutant loads from design storms and annual loads from a continuous simulation can both be used for optimizing BMP schemes. However, which strategy results in a better solution (in terms of providing water quality protection) for a watershed is not clear. The specific objective of the study was to determine the differences in watershed pollutant loads, in an experimental watershed in Pennsylvania, resulting from optimization analyses performed using pollutant loads from a series of five 2‐yr 24‐hr storm events, a series of five 5‐yr 24‐hr storm events, and cumulative pollutant loads from a continuous simulation of five years of weather data. For each of these three different event alternatives, 100 near optimal solutions (BMP schemes) were generated. Sediment (Sed), sediment nitrogen (SedN), dissolved N (SolN), sediment organic carbon (SedOC), and sediment phosphorus (SedP) loads from a different five‐year period (an evaluation period) suggest that the optimal BMP schemes resulting from the use of annual cumulative pollutant loads from a continuous simulation of five years of weather data provide smaller cumulative NPS pollutant loads at the watershed outlet.     

蓄热式加热炉安全技术操作规程优化初探

唐钢中型厂2#加热炉技术改造后，在加热炉设备检修、维修、维护过程中，如何在保证操作安全的同时，保证操作的准确到位，为安全管理工作提出了研究课题。     

粉煤灰静电脱炭技术研究

本文介绍粉煤灰静电脱炭资源化利用技术的试验研究.利用YNDF-I型立式电场粉煤灰脱炭装置进行优化试验,提出电压、极板间距、摩擦分散器材料、粉尘浓度及气体流量等运行工艺特性参数与静电脱炭率的相关关系.试验结果表明,该立式电场脱炭装置在最优工艺参数条件下运行时,可使粉煤灰脱炭后的精灰含炭量降低到1.20%,脱炭率达86.74%,能够直接代替水泥用作建筑材料或修筑公路路面,具有较高的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,为粉煤灰资源化利用提供了一种新的途径.     

模糊综合评判法在煤炭自燃预测中的应用

运用模糊综合评判法预测煤炭自燃。在分析煤炭自燃影响因素的基础上，从煤体的氧化放热性能、供氧条件和煤体蓄放热环境三方面确定了模糊综合证券的因素指标，提出了确定评判指标属性值和权重值的方法，并将模糊综合评判法成功应用于矿山煤炭自燃的预测。     

模糊评价数学模型在企业安全评价中的应用

模糊评价是利用模糊数学的基本理论--隶属度将模糊信息定量化，再对其进行定量评价得出科学结论的一种方法。该方法运用较普遍。介绍了该方法的基本原理，通过实例论述了它在企业安全评价中的应用。     

A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir basin, China

Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source to Beijing City. Land-use of the basin plays a great role in the protection of water resources. Hence a sustainable land-use planning is required to optimize land-use structure and protect water resources in the basin. Based on the complete land-use system analysis in Miyun, a grey multi-objective programming to basin land-use(GMOPBLU)model was developed and applied to land-use planning. Two alternatives were produced and analyzed by means of interactive adjustment and scenano analysis. The results showed the GMOPBLU model is a valuable approach for basin land-use planning.     

长江禁捕典型省域渔民生态种养采纳意愿及其驱动路径研究

当前,构建以渔民生态种养为主的生计转型长效机制,确保渔民“稳得住,能致富”是政府部门和学术界共同关注的重点。本文基于“生计恢复力”理论构建了“缓冲—自组织—学习”三维分析框架,借助必要条件分析（NCA）和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）两种分析方法,从组态视角对长江退捕渔民生态种养采纳意愿的关键驱动条件、作用路径和潜在替代关系进行研究。研究发现：(1)NCA与QCA分析结果显示,单一条件无法形成渔民生态种养采纳意愿程度高的必要条件,但fsQCA组态分析显示,自组织能力尤其是对奖补惠及和政策新闻的关注能单独引致解释结果的产生。(2)渔民生态种养采纳意愿存在三种驱动路径,分别是自组织主导型、自组织—学习驱动型和缓冲—学习驱动型。同时,渔民生态种养采纳意愿存在三种抑制类型,分别是学习抑制型、自组织—学习抑制型及缓冲—自组织抑制型。(3)在特定条件下,自组织能力可以与其他两种能力的条件组合等效替代,以“殊途同归”的方式提升渔民生态种养采纳意愿。     

城市垃圾中转站选址优化模型的建立及其应用

为寻求一种城市垃圾中转站优化选址方法,根据城市垃圾收运系统的特点,引入逆向物流系统选址规划的理念,选用集合覆盖模型对中转站的位置进行初步优化,确定了垃圾中转站的待选点;在此基础上,运用整数规划构建整个城市垃圾收运系统费用现值最小模型,对城市垃圾中转站的初步规划进行二次优化,从待选点中选出垃圾中转站的最优组合,并计算出其分别接纳的垃圾量.通过实例分析,验证了城市垃圾中转站二次优化选址的可行性、实用性,可为垃圾收运系统的规划与设计提供参考依据.     

MSBR法污水处理在线模糊控制的研究

MSBR法就其运行功能和效果而言,被认为是一种理想的污水处理工艺流程.由于运行过程变量多,它属于复杂的动态系统.目前采用的PID控制模式无法找到精确的模型来描述,故将模糊控制用于MSBR工艺系统控制中,对于处理效果有关的变量进行模糊控制,用模糊控制算法对处理效果的测试进行研究,并将该模糊控制算法在MATLAB上进行了仿真,结果表明系统具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性及优良的控制性能.     

模糊综合评价法在乐安河水质评价中的应用

根据模糊数学的原理,建立了地表水环境质量模糊综合评价模型,模型不仅计算简便而且充分体现了其系统性、综合性的特点。利用建立的模型对江西省重点整治的河流乐安河进行了水质评价,为污染控制提供了科学依据。