Biodecoloration of Reactive Black 5 by the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii MM 4035

Azo dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing and other industries. Effluents of dying industries are specially colored and could cause severe damage to the environment. The anaerobic treatment of textile dying effluents is nowadays the preferred option, but it could generate carcinogenic aromatic amines. Recently, yeasts have become a promising alternative, combining unicellular growth with oxidative mechanisms. This work reports the characterization of the first methylotrophic yeast with dye decolorizing ability, Candida boidinii MM 4035 and some insights into its decoloration mechanism. The analysis of two selected media revealed a possible two stages mechanism of Reactive Black 5 decoloration. In glucose poor media, decoloration is incomplete and only the first stage proceeds, leading to the accumulation of a purple compound. In media with higher glucose concentrations, the yeast is able to decolorize totally an initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The entire process is co-metabolic, being largely dependent on glucose concentration but being able to proceed with several nitrogen sources. Manganese dependent peroxidase but not laccase activity could be detected during decoloration. Aromatic amines do not accumulate in culture media, supporting an oxidative decoloration mechanism of unknown ecophysiological relevance.     

Aeration optimization through operation at low dissolved oxygen concentrations: Evaluation of oxygen mass transfer dynamics in different activated sludge systems

In wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)using the activated sludge process,two methods are widely used to improve aeration efficiency — use of high-efficiency aeration devices and optimizing the aeration control strategy. Aeration efficiency is closely linked to sludge characteristics(such as concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)and microbial communities)and operating conditions(such as air flow rate and operational dissolved oxygen(DO)concentrations). Moreover,operational DO is closely linked to effluent quality. This study,which is in reference to WWTP discharge class A Chinese standard effluent criteria,determined the growth kinetics parameters of nitrifiers at different DO levels in small-scale tests. Results showed that the activated sludge system could meet effluent criteria when DO was as low as 0.3 mg/L,and that nitrifier communities cultivated under low DO conditions had higher oxygen affinity than those cultivated under high DO conditions,as indicated by the oxygen half-saturation constant and nitrification ability. Based on nitrifier growth kinetics and on the oxygen mass transfer dynamic model(determined using different air flow rate(Q′_(air))and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)values),theoretical analysis indicated limited potential for energy saving by improving aeration diffuser performance when the activated sludge system had low oxygen consumption; however,operating at low DO and low MLVSS could significantly reduce energy consumption. Finally,a control strategy coupling sludge retention time and MLVSS to minimize the DO level was discussed,which is critical to appropriate setting of the oxygen point and to the operation of low DO treatment technology.     

Development of a method for comprehensive water quality forecasting and its application in Miyun reservoir of Beijing, China

Water quality forecasting is an essential part of water resource management. Spatiotemporal variations of water quality and their inherent constraints make it very complex. This study explored a data-based method for short-term water quality forecasting. Prediction of water quality indicators including dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand by KMnO₄ and ammonia nitrogen using support vector machine was taken as inputs of the particle swarm algorithm based optimal wavelet neural network to forecast the whole status index of water quality. Gubeikou monitoring section of Miyun reservoir in Beijing, China was taken as the study case to examine effectiveness of this approach. The experiment results also revealed that the proposed model has advantages of stability and time reduction in comparison with other data-driven models including traditional BP neural network model, wavelet neural network model and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model. It can be used as an effective approach to perform short-term comprehensive water quality prediction.     

基于模糊评价算法的环境检测系统的设计研究

人们工作与生活的环境越来越多的受到社会关注,面向室内工作场所,建立一种针对室内环境空气等级的评价方法具有重要的实践价值.采用ARM嵌入式硬件平台,linux操作系统,利用多种传感器对环境数据进行采集,以温度、湿度、甲醛含量、CO2浓度以及粉尘含量做为评价因素,根据五种参数的权重和耦合关系,对环境进行综合评定.系统具有实时数据采集、数据分析、数据显示、评价因子增添和删除、自定义评价范围和评价结果显示等功能.模糊综合评价理论兼顾了主观与客观的事实,对于不同环境具有相对灵活性.     

以环境保护为基础的城市公园生态设计研究

从环境保护视野对城市公园景观优化设计进行研究,以环境保护为基础,探讨城市公园景观优化设计中应用环境保护的原则,以太原公园为例,介绍其景观优化设计方式,包括改善城市公园湖滨游步道的林荫绿化情况,增建亲水空间,优化座椅、休闲亭和餐饮设施,改善水景别墅前绿化景观,提升公园整体植物景观层次感,规划城市公园水生植物景观.总结出城市公园景观优化设计的策略主要为:设计湖滨亲水设施、营造水上景观、配置城市公园植物景观、设置沿岸的水景.     

耦合MOP与GeoSOS-FLUS模型的县级土地利用结构与布局复合优化

在自然资源整合不断加强,土地利用结构日趋复杂的形势下,采用单一土地利用结构优化方式难以有效满足区域土地利用合理规划的需求。综合考虑生态文明、乡村振兴、城乡融合等土地可持续利用目标,构建土地利用结构优化与布局优化的集成体系,对提升规划适用性具有积极作用。选取常州市金坛区为研究区,以经济效益与生态效益为优化目标,设置自然演变、经济优先和生态优先三种发展情景,在通过MOP(多目标规划)模型进行土地利用结构优化的基础上,利用GeoSOS-FLUS模型实现土地利用布局优化。结果表明:通过集成MOP和GeoSOS-FLUS模型,采用"结构+约束+布局+准则"研究模式探索县域单元下的土地利用结构布局优化,对调整土地利用结构,优化土地利用空间布局有一定帮助。从案例分析结果看,城镇工矿用地数量在自然演变和经济效益优先情景下分别增加了39%和95%;林地在生态效益优先情景下增加了40%;农村居民点在三种情景下分别减少33%、66%和66%。在三种发展情景下,空间格局都将面临城镇空间与生态空间两级分化的现象,后期区域发展中应加强城乡土地利用与生态保护协调发展,促进空间布局均衡化。     

基于BP神经网络的矿井火灾安全评价方法

在对国内煤矿调研的基础上,建立了包括内因火灾、外因火灾、管理和救灾3个子系统的评价指标体系;通过模糊层次法,求解了各指标权重;结 合目前比较成熟的BP神经网络方法,研究了一种新的矿井火灾安全评价方法,并编制了界面友好的软件,在矿井实际应用中取得较为满意的评价结果.     

模糊综合评判法在亚麻原料厂防尘工程技术措施综合评价中的应用研究

亚麻原料初加工过程中亚麻粉尘危害严重,亚麻粉尘是亚麻原料厂的主要职业危害,防尘工程技术措施效果如何,对作业工人的身体健康有着直接的影响。本文通过对亚麻原料厂防尘工程的全面分析,运用模糊数学原理建立的模糊综合评判方法,在专家打分评估的基础上,应用定性与定量的综合决策方法,结合层次分析法分配权重,对亚麻原料厂防尘工程技术措施进行了综合评价,得出了比较符合实际的评价结果,为解决其他方面多因素、多层次的复杂系统问题提供了一个科学、可靠的参考,为其他行业或各类企业进行劳动卫生工程综合评价提供了可信、可行的先例。     

基于模糊逻辑系统的管道风险评估

为了合理地对管道风险进行评估,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑系统的管道风险评估方法.根据模糊逻辑系统的基本原理,建立了管道风险评估的模糊逻辑方法模型,根据模糊风险矩阵及模糊规则库等理论研究成果,对管道风险进行模糊推理,并得出给定管道系统的模糊风险指标值.以某段天然气管道的风险评估为实例,证实该方法能够合理地评估出给定管道系统的...