Extending parental mentoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers

Teen drivers are at high risk for car crashes, especially during their first years of licensure. Providing novice teen drivers and their parents with a means of identifying their risky driving maneuvers may help them learn from their mistakes, thereby reducing their crash propensity. During the initial phase of learning, adult or parental supervision often provides such guidance. However, once teens obtain their license, adult supervision is no longer mandated, and teens are left to themselves to continue the learning process. This study is the first of its type to enhance this continued learning process using an event-triggered video device. By pairing this new technology with parental feedback in the form of a weekly video review and graphical report card, we extend parents' ability to teach their teens even after they begin driving independently. Twenty-six 16- to 17-year-old drivers were recruited from a small U.S. Midwestern rural high school. We equipped their vehicles with an event-triggered video device, designed to capture 20-sec clips of the forward and cabin views whenever the vehicle exceeded lateral or forward threshold accelerations. Preliminary findings suggest that combining this emerging technology with parental weekly review of safety-relevant incidents resulted in a significant decrease in events for the more at-risk teen drivers. Implications for how such an intervention could be implemented within GDL are also discussed.     

基于项目驱动的《计算机文化基础》七步教学法研究

针对斛算机文化基础》课程教学中的授课形式单调,授课内容不实用,不能激发学生的想象力,没有照顾到学生的个体学习差异以及不注重学习效果的调查反馈等问题,结合项目驱动教学理论,提出斛算机文化基础》课程的七步教学法,包括上好第一堂课,制定项目任务,学生尝试完成任务,教师重点讲解,学生二次尝试,一对一考核和效果反馈。实践证明,学生学习积极性提高了,不同进度学生的学习效果得到了保证,培养了学生一定的实践能力,效果良好。     

Understanding the social impacts of enforcement activities on illegal wildlife trade in China

Illegal wildlife trade enforcement is a cornerstone conservation strategy worldwide, yet we have a limited understanding on its social impacts. Using Chinese online wildlife seizure news (2003–2018), we evaluated the interactions among enforcement operations, news frequency, and social engagement (i.e., whistle-blowing) frequency. Our results showed that intensive enforcement operations, which commenced after 2012, have social impacts by increasing the frequency of all seizure news significantly by 28% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5%, 51%] and those via whistle-blowing by 24% [95% CI: 2%, 45%], when compared to counterfactual models where possible confounding factors were accounted for. Furthermore, we revealed the potential interaction between enforcement seizure news with and without social engagement, and the consequential social feedback process. Of the species identified from ‘whistle-blowing’ news, up to 28% are considered as high conservation priorities. Overall, we expanded our understanding of the enforcement impacts to social dimensions, which could contribute to improving the cost-effectiveness of such conservation efforts.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01686-9.     

环境CGE模型的发展及特征分析

随着CGE模型在环境与经济政策分析领域中的应用不断拓展 ,环境CGE模型的研究和应用也逐渐走向深入。本文在简要介绍CGE模型的发展状况和主要特征之基础上 ,对环境CGE模型的发展、类别、特征及其局限性进行了较为详细的分析     

铁矿烧结烟气污染物治理趋势及协同治理工艺分析

通过分析我国铁矿烧结烟气污染物治理的趋势和紧迫性,确定烧结烟气污染物治理方向是实现烟气中SO2、NOx、二恶英及重金属等的协同治理。同时,对已工业化运用的活性炭法、MEROS法、SDA法等7种烟气污染物协同治理工艺从工艺原理、特点分析、实际案例三个角度进行了系统分析,为钢铁企业选择符合自身企业烧结烟气污染物排放特点的协同治理工艺提供参考。     

Population dynamics models based on cumulative density dependent feedback: A link to the logistic growth curve and a test for symmetry using aphid data

Density dependent feedback, based on cumulative population size, has been advocated to explain and mathematically characterize “boom and bust” population dynamics. Such feedback results in a bell-shaped population trajectory of the population density. Here, we note that this trajectory is mathematically described by the logistic probability density function. Consequently, the cumulative population follows a time trajectory that has the same shape as the cumulative logistic function. Thus, the Pearl–Verhulst logistic equation, widely used as a phenomenological model for density dependent population growth, can be interpreted as a model for cumulative rather than instantaneous population. We extend the cumulative density dependent differential equation model to allow skew in the bell-shaped population trajectory and present a simple statistical test for skewness. Model properties are exemplified by fitting population trajectories of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. The linkage between the mechanistic underpinnings of the logistic probability density function and cumulative distribution function models could open up new avenues for analyzing population data.     

The long time scales of the climate–economy feedback and the climatic cost of growth

This paper is based on the perception that the inertia of climate and socio-economic systems are key parameters in the climate change issue. In a first part, it develops and implements a new approach based on a simple integrated model with a particular focus on an innovative transient impact and adaptation modeling. In a second part, a climate–economy feedback is defined and characterized. The following results were found. 1) It has a long characteristic time, which lies between 50 and 100 years depending on the hypotheses; this time scale is long when compared to the system's other time scales, and the feedback cannot act as a natural damping process of climate change. 2) Mitigation has to be anticipated since the feedback of an emission reduction on the economy can be significant only after a 20-year delay and is really efficient only after at least 50 years. 3) Even discounted, production changes due to an action on emissions are significant over more than one century. 4) The methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which neglects the feedback from impacts to emissions, is acceptable up to 2100, whatever is the level of impacts. This analysis allows also to define a climatic cost of growth as the additional climate change damages due to the additional emissions linked to economic growth.

苯系物降解单菌间的协同耦合作用

针对BTEX降解混菌间协同耦合作用不明的问题,以稳定的BTEX降解混菌为研究对象,通过分离纯化,从混菌中分离得到的8株BTEX降解单菌,将对BTEX有降解效果和没有降解效果的单菌分别组合,采用摇瓶实验研究不同体系对BTEX的降解效果,试图找到单菌在BTEX降解过程中的作用,并探寻菌间的协同耦合作用.实验结果表明,B2、B4、B6单菌主要的作用是降解BTEX,并且B2菌可以解除B4菌和B6菌混合后对X降解的抑制,并提高了B、T和E的降解速率;B1、B3、B5、B7和B8单菌无BTEX降解功能,B1、B3和B5菌可能利用B、T和E降解过程中产生的代谢产物(各单菌没有降解能力,但在混菌中依然存在,推测单菌可以利用降解过程中产生的代谢产物),并从48 h开始降解B、T和E;B7、B8两株菌互相协同,共同完成对BTEX的降解.由优势菌群和非优势菌群组成的混合系统,促使有些没有降解功能的菌株混合后具有降解功能,还导致有些菌株混合后降解率和降解速率降低,对降解BTEX既有促进作用又有拮抗作用.混菌48 h对BTEX的总降解率为91.6%,说明一个稳定存在的天然混合群落,其内部菌种经过长期的优胜劣汰,保持了很高的降解率和降解速率.     

微生物燃料电池在水解酸化工艺运行性能评估中的应用

为扩展水解酸化工艺运行性能在线评估的新方法,研究了微生物燃料电池(MFC)对于水解酸化体系正常及异常进水工况下运行情况的反馈性能,考察了MFC作为水解酸化工艺在线监测传感器的可行性。结果表明：在启动运行的第1阶段,将水解酸化体系进水碳氮比条件控制为40∶1时,主要污染物COD的去除率保持在50%,总氮平均去除率20%,MFC电信号也总体平稳;第2阶段,向水解酸化体系进水间歇施加一系列的低碳氮比(0.5∶1、0.5∶1、20∶1、8∶1、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1)冲击,在冲击施加期间,MFC电信号有非常明显的增强峰反馈,且最高电压值与进水中施加的低碳氮比冲击的比值呈线性关系。采用16S rDNA宏基因组高通量测序技术,对比分析了微生物燃料电池阳极室内微生物在接受碳氮比冲击前后的微生物菌群结构的差异,结果显示,多次低碳氮比冲击会促进MFC阳极生物膜中优势菌门厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes和阳极室悬浮物中优势菌门变形菌门Proteobacteria的富集,从而刺激产电。本研究结果可为MFC在水解酸化工艺运行性能评估中的应用提供参考。     

Reservoir Operation with Feedback in a Coupled Land Surface and Hydrologic Model: A Case Study of the Huai River Basin,China

Regarding emerging large‐scale reservoir operation models, reports of reservoir operation feedback for hydrologic modeling are rare, and little attention has been paid to flood control. An operation scheme considering multilevel flood control (MLFC) was first proposed in this study, but more reservoir information was needed. Thus, an alternative scheme was proposed that consisted of a modified version of the reservoir operation scheme in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model (MSWAT scheme). These schemes were coupled to a land surface and hydrologic model system with feedback, i.e., a system in which reservoir operation can affect the subsequent simulation, and were investigated in the Huai River Basin. The results show reservoir storage and peak flow were generally overestimated by the original SWAT reservoir scheme (SWAT scheme). Compared with the SWAT scheme, the MSWAT scheme successfully reduced the simulated storage and peak flow at the reservoir stations. For the downstream stations, the streamflow simulations were improved at a significance level of 5%. The performances of the MSWAT and MLFC schemes at the reservoir stations were nearly equivalent. Importantly, reservoir operation feedback to hydrologic modeling was necessary because the reservoir operation effects could not be transferred downstream without it. The streamflow simulation of a reservoir station located on a flat plain was less sensitive to feedback than that of a mountain reservoir station.