“Buckle Up NOW!” An Enforcement Program to Achieve High Belt Use

In the mid-1980s, the first formal seat-belt enforcement program in the United States was conducted in Elmira, NY. Front seat-belt use increased from 49% to 80%, and the Elmira program became a model for other such programs. In the spring of 1999, the New York State Police launched a statewide seat-belt enforcement campaign, and the Elmira program was revived as part of this effort. This 3-week program was coordinated by the Chemung County Sheriff's Office, and carried out in cooperation with local police departments as well as the state police. The earlier Elmira program emphasized the health and safety benefits of seat belts and warning periods prior to tickets being issued. The 1999 program featured a strong no-excuses, no-warning enforcement message, 32 belt-use checkpoints, and publicity about the enforcement through a variety of mechanisms, including feedback signs that informed motorists of current belt use rates. Front seat-belt use increased from 69% to 90%. Public opinion surveys indicated the program was well known to Elmira residents, and had the support of 79% of those polled. The 1999 Elmira program demonstrates that high-intensity enforcement programs can increase seat-belt use to very high levels with strong community support.     

一起医用~（90）Sr放射源被盗事故处理后的经验反馈

简要介绍了一起医用90Sr放射源被盗事故的调查处理过程,分析了事故原因,总结了事故教训和处理经验。     

夏季对流层臭氧辐射强迫对华北地区天气和空气质量的影响

自2013年我国实施《大气污染防治行动计划》以来,大气颗粒物浓度显著降低,但臭氧（O₃）污染日益严峻,同时对流层O₃作为一种重要的温室气体,其辐射强迫能够影响天气和空气质量.利用双向耦合的区域空气质量模型WRF-Chem,再现2017年6月发生在华北地区的一次O₃污染事件,通过敏感性试验分析对流层臭氧辐射强迫（TORF）对当地气象场的影响,以及改变的气象变量对O₃空气质量的反馈作用.结果表明,WRF-Chem模式在气象要素的模拟上表现出较好的性能,并且能够很好地捕捉到O₃浓度的时空演变特征.TORF使北京-天津-河北-山东地区的近地面气温平均升高0.23 K （最大增温可达0.8 K）、近地面相对湿度降低1.84%、边界层高度增加27.73 m.TORF对风速的影响较弱（-0.02 m ·s^-1）,但产生的西南风异常容易将上游污染地区的O₃和其前体物输送至华北地区.在臭氧辐射反馈的影响下,研究区域内φ（O₃）平均增加1.7%（1.23×10^-9）,而在污染严重的北京和天津地区,φ（O₃）增加量最高可达5×10^-9.进一步利用过程诊断分析法可以发现,增强的气相化学反应是TORF恶化近地面O₃污染的主导原因.     

基于典型相关系数和随机森林的水质预警方法

针对突发水污染事件提出一种高精度的预警方法.首先,通过模拟实验建立包含22种常见污染物的突发水污染事件数据库,然后采用典型相关系数准确揭示污染事件发生后多元水质参数之间的协同反馈规律.最后,基于多参数协同反馈规律构建“典型相关系数-随机森林”水质预警模型.结果表明预警模型对已知和未知污染物的平均准报率分别为96.78%和98.33%,对水质监测基线的平均误报率为0.16%.本研究成果可为降低突发水污染事件损失和保障供水安全提供有效的技术支撑.     

面向实施的市级国土空间规划传导思路与技术方法

规划传导是保障国土空间规划实施的关键环节,从理念层面的治理转型、规则层面的事权匹配、空间层面的要素管理入手,对市级规划传导的技术思路与方法途径进行了研究。研究表明：空间规划具有的基础性、有限性和动态性等特征是规划传导的基础出发点,应建立起涵盖理念宽度、事权力度和要素精度的规划传导框架。在此基础上提出双向反馈、权责清单、刚弹结合、尺度容差、动态平衡等技术思路来分步推进规划传导,并以广州为例提出了规划传导实施层面的方法途径,为建立能用、管用、好用的规划传导政策规则和体制机制,为完善国土空间规划体系和推动规划有效实施提供研究支撑。     

Abusive supervision and feedback avoidance: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion

The occurrence of abusive supervision is steadily rising. Extant literature continues to expand the number of destructive consequences linked to such improper workplace behavior. This study tested a model linking abusive supervision to feedback avoidance through emotional exhaustion. We invoked conservation of resources theory in our examination of the role that the loss of valued resources plays in instances where abuse is perceived. Results from three rounds of matched data from 460 nurses and 220 working adults demonstrated support for our model, suggesting a mediating effect for exhaustion on the relationship between abuse and feedback avoidance. Findings also revealed that feedback avoidance was associated with subsequent exhaustion, representing a loss spiral. These findings are important as they reveal the link between a subordinate's reactions (exhaustion) and coping behavior (feedback avoidance) when supervisory abuse is perceived. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are offered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

矿井气候多参数预测与通风网络自动解算算法研究

为了对受矿井气候影响的通风网络进行自动解算,并能在实际矿井中应用,提出了一种快速的通风网络自动解算算法。矿井气候对通风网络的影响体现在自然风压上,首先对影响自然风压的温度参数进行预测,在不考虑自然风压的前提下进行解算,以此结果为基础,根据热交换原理计算出通风网络各分支节点的温度;然后对相关变量:压强、密度、自然风压、通风阻力相互关系推导为只含有压强这一变量的函数;最后对含有自然风压的矿井通风网络迭代计算。实验结果表明:该算法实现井下各节点密度和压强的预测和含有自然风压的矿井通风网络自动解算。     

油田污染源在线监测中反馈控制系统的设计讨论

针对油田污染源在线监测系统自动化程度不高,提出了一种基于反馈控制的在线监测系统,讨论了其在油田污染源在线监测中的应用价值,并给出控制简图和设计中可能遇到的难点。最后指出,该方法将在一定程度上提高油田污染源在线监测系统的自动化程度。     

战略环境影响评价中公众参与方法研究与案例分析

公众参与有效性是衡量战略环境影响评价质量的一个重要指标,它对于提高环境管理水平具有重要的意义。本文在对比项目环境影响评价的基础上,系统阐述了战略环境影响评价公众参与的内容、对象、方式、时机、实施主体、数据处理及信息反馈,初步建立了战略环境影响评价公众参与的方法与体系,并结合典型案例进行了战略环境影响评价公众参与的过程分析。     

生态环境导向的开发(EOD)模式的理论逻辑与实践探索

本文基于生态环境导向的开发(EOD)模式的理论溯源,对中国式EOD模式的理论逻辑与实践探索进行了系统梳理。EOD模式以国际上“生态导向”的发展理念和市场化生态系统服务付费机制相结合作为理论源头,理论基础主要有生态系统服务付费理论、亨利乔治定理、公共选择理论。中国式EOD模式具有项目制、企业主体、增肥哺瘦和生态反哺的特征,核心逻辑是形成以生态资源支撑产业开发、以产业收益反哺生态修复的价值链闭环,即生态产品价值的转化与反哺。中国式 EOD模式是在生态文明建设的时代背景下,为缓解地方政府生态环境保护的资金压力与金融风险这一现实需求涌现出来的创新性实践探索,也是“绿水青山就是金山银山”转化路径创新。