哈密地区新型建筑材料天然放射性核素含量及居民受照剂量估算

用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中＾２２６Ｒａ、＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾４０Ｋ含量分析测定。结果表明，放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为０．０２－０．２６，０．０３－０．６６。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高，装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为０．０６－０．９６ｍＳｖ．ａ＾－１，明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值１．４３ｍＳｖ     

A new index for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings to achieving UN sustainable development goals in Jordan

Jordan faces stringent energy challenges mainly in the form of import dependence and escalating demand. The building sector accounts for 58% of total national electricity consumption and therefore plays an important role in addressing these challenges. This article investigates how energy efficiency in green buildings certified by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system contribute towards achieving United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jordan. Furthermore, this paper proposes a new Comprehensive Contribution to Sustainable Development Index (CCSDI) to assess the contributions of implementation of the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) category to achieve UN SDGs in Jordan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain data. Relative Importance Index (RII) method was used to evaluate the contributions of LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in the EA category. Results indicate a positive relationship between the LEED 2009 prerequisites and credits in category and UN SDGs 7?9 and 12?13. We conclude that our proposed CCSDI is a robust tool for assessing the contribution of energy efficiency in LEED 2009 certified green buildings towards achieving UN SDGs in Jordan.     

旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险应急管理研究

为了解决旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险难以快速应对以及特征属性数据缺失的问题,通过对近年历史案例的收集,将规则推理（RBR）引入案例推理（CBR）中,构建旧工业建筑再生利用施工风险应急管理模型。利用组合权重的方法,求出各特征属性的权值;通过计算结构相似度来处理缺失的属性数据,并结合特征属性相似度,求出全局相似度,检索出相似度最大的案例;通过RBR对检索案例的应对措施进行适用性修正,提高应对措施的针对性;最后,选取案例对模型进行应用说明,结果表明:模型具有较强的适用性,可用于旧工业建筑再生利用施工阶段的风险应急管理。     

旧工业建筑改造工程安全监管博弈分析

通过构建博弈模型来研究旧工业建筑改造安全监管过程中政府监督管理部门和业主方的均衡战略,并分析修正后纳什均衡中的关键因素对博弈双方行为选择的影响。结果表明:增加业主方收益、减少监管成本、加大惩罚力度等可有效提高政府监督管理部门的监管效率,从而减少安全事故的发生,提高改造工程的质量。     

Sustainable development of building of extensive roof greening in Taiwan

Taiwan government specifies that the average roof thermal transmittance must be less than 0.8 (w/(m²·k)) for the design of all residential buildings in order to implement the policy of saving energy. However, self-disciplined architects practice the design of aesthetic roof to blend in with green landscape so that they urgently expect the academia to provide roof greening technical information to support their idea of designing green roofs for residential buildings. In this research, a single-family housing unit is used for investigating the possibility of applying extensive roof greening to achieve building sustainable development. The experiment tasks focused on the soil denudation caused by rainwater washing and replenishing the soil carbon by irrigating the soil with gray water. Using tap water to irrigate the green roof for 12, 16, and 14 weeks causes nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, respectively, to be reduced to less than the original levels, respectively. Applying gray water to irrigate the green roof soil will raise the soil fertility by improving nitrogen and phosphate but not obvious for potassium.     

The influence of building renovation and rental housing on urban trees

Urban forest ecosystems are complex and vulnerable social–ecological systems. The relationship between urban forests and housing is particularly variable and uncertain. We examine the influence of building renovation and rental housing on public trees at the parcel and street-section scale in a residential neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada. We use empirical data describing multiple tree inventories and government open data describing building permit applications to test for effects on urban forest structure, tree mortality, and tree planting. We found that the presence and number of building permits significantly predicted mortality at both scales, while planting was positively correlated with building permits at the street-section scale only. Multi-unit parcels had significantly lower rates of planting than single-unit parcels and multi-unit housing was positively correlated with mortality at the street-section scale. These findings suggest that where concentrated changes in housing stock are occurring, substantial losses of trees and associated ecosystem services are possible.     

毒气泄漏威胁下建筑气密性对就地避难效果影响研究*

针对我国毒气泄漏生产安全事故中就地避难策略的选择缺乏依据的问题，基于毒气扩散理论、建筑气密性分级模型及毒物浓度伤害准则，评析位于毒气泄漏源不同距离处不同气密性建筑作为“就地避难场所”的可靠性与有效性。结果表明:事故中，室外毒气浓度短时间内达到峰值后迅速回落，而室内毒气浓度达到峰值后回落缓慢；室内毒气浓度达到峰值所需时间受气密性影响小，但其降速随气密性等级的增大而明显放缓。最后，研究提出距泄漏源不同距离处就地避难建筑应达到的气密性水平。     

建筑拆除垃圾应用于水泥混合材的试验研究

选用赣州地区20世纪90年代建成的现已达到拆除期限的建筑物的废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖,分析了其化学组分和矿物组分,然后通过不同建筑垃圾掺量混合材试验、活性激发试验以及复合混合材试验。结果表明,掺适量建筑垃圾可有效提高水泥的早期强度;添加Ca O能够激发废弃混凝土活性,可达81%,可提高废弃粘土砖活性39.58%;废弃混凝土和废弃粘土砖相互抑制了彼此活性,不宜混合回用。建议建筑垃圾必须分类和活性激发,有利于提高建筑垃圾水泥的强度。     

基于情景的建筑火灾风险分析方法及CFAST软件应用

提出基于情景的建筑火灾风险分析方法,它通过3个步骤即起火分析、确定未来情景集和确定风险分析结果来计算建筑物火灾风险大小。从一个建筑单体出发,通过过程模拟的手段得到其未来可能会出现的各种"情景",计算各"情景"中的指标,通过综合分析得到风险分析的结果。并通过算例说明了基于情景的火灾风险分析方法的实现过程。最后通过分析北京市近几年的火灾历史数据、设定影响火灾发展的各种因素和CFAST软件模拟的手段,得到建筑火灾年期望损失率作为风险的度量值。     

活性炭法测定地下建筑中的氡

阐述了氡的来源、在环境中的分布状况及其对人体的危害。用主动式活性炭盒采样和高纯锗探测器伽玛射线谱仪对样品进行测量,具有灵敏度高、精度好、易于操作等特点。