高层建筑新型灭火装置的设计

高层建筑外围火灾灭火工作开展困难,为增强灭火效果,本文按照自上而下的灭火思路,探讨在高层建筑顶部设计一种新型灭火装置。该装置可迅速转向火灾一侧,升降到准确的高度,从外向内灭火。克服了现有云梯消防车存在的举高有限、供水器材的耐压强度不够等问题。该装置的设计可在紧急情况下弥补现有灭火设施的不足,为高层建筑外围灭火解决方案的完善提供了新的参考。     

Understanding and actioning BRE environmental assessment method: a socio-technical approach

The following research applies a socio-technical approach to an original study of the role of BRE environmental assessment method (BREEAM) in sustainable building practice. The primary objective is to gain insight into what facilitates and what weakens professional associations to implement a sustainability agenda in a building project. It focuses on understanding different sets of meaning which underlie engagement with BREEAM and how BREEAM is actioned. To do this, the research framework draws on social network analysis. However, this research does not consider that sustainable building is merely an outcome of planned action. Instead, sustainable building is seen to involve processes of engagement amongst different groups, technologies, materials and methods. Therefore, the conceptual framework adopted incorporates consideration of the materiality of sustainable building engagements, highlighting the relations between actors. Interviews with project professionals involved in a case study of a BREEAM Outstanding development provide the empirical basis for this work. This research will be of interest to scholars interested in socio-technical approaches to building development, environmental building assessment methods and sustainable building.     

Learning from UK disaster exercises: policy implications for effective emergency preparedness

With a view towards suggesting improvements to the official UK Guidance for disaster exercises, this paper critically examines a representative sample of recent disaster management exercises in the United Kingdom to determine how they are planned, conducted and assessed. Personal observations and in‐depth qualitative interviews were used to study three representative multi‐agency disaster exercises in the UK: (1) the Hitachi 395 Evacuation Workshop and Exercise Twin Bore, (2) Exercise Saxon Shore and (3) Exercise Operation Safe Return. The research demonstrates that disaster exercises in the UK generally consist of four main approaches: (1) disaster response and adaptability, (2) building‐block approach, (3) citizen participation and (4) discussion‐based debriefs. While the data demonstrates that each of these approaches has significant merit, it also elucidates key improvements that should be made to the official UK guidance and reflected in future exercises. In particular, the research suggests that the Guidance should highlight the importance of adaptability at the scene of a disaster, advance a building‐block methodology to organising exercises and reiterate the need for better debriefings of volunteer participants.     

导识标识设置对教学楼通道疏散能力影响研究

本文以某学院6号楼为例,研究标识设置对教学楼通道疏散能力影响,测定了不同标识设置情况楼道人流时程,结果表明：自然状态人流速峰值66．8人／min,持时2．823min,拥堵明显;立体标识使人流速峰值提升3％,使峰值持时缩短51．65％,墙面平铺张贴标识使人流速峰值提升1％,使持时缩短44．07％,立体标识优于墙面平铺张贴标识;早期疏导标识使人流速峰值提升6％,使持时缩短60．93％,使峰值出现时刻比自然状态提前约31％,疏散效果明显。同时本文分析了现有标识设置的问题和弊端。     

铁路无锡站站房改扩建工程消防性能提升及评估技术研究

针对既有公共建筑改扩建中面临的消防设计难题,以铁路无锡站改扩建工程为对象,开展消防性能提升及评估技术研究。通过采取防火分隔措施,控制火灾荷载,降低火灾风险,改善疏散条件,提高消防系统性能的技术手段,实现改扩建工程整体防火性能提升的目标。利用数值模拟分析验证烟控系统有效性和人员疏散的安全性,分析结果表明,在采取有效的消防安全技术措施条件下,人员安全疏散可以得到保障。     

基于风险和应急准备能力评估的 应急救援能力建设

为提升我国应对综合自然灾害的应急响应与救援能力,笔者首先指出我国目前在应急准备能力评估和应急救援能力建设方面存在的主要问题;然后以地震为例,提出应急准备能力评估的指标体系框架、指标分类及评价方法,通过评估找出现存能力差距,开展基于风险评估和应急准备能力评估的应对综合自然灾害的救援能力建设。研究表明:开展基于风险和应急准备能力评估的救援能力建设能实现重特大自然灾害快速有效响应与指挥调度能力,极大提升我国重特大自然灾害的应对能力。     

高层建筑、建筑材料与室内氡污染

对高层建筑连续一年的室内氡浓度监测分析，发现室内氡浓度与建筑材料，建筑结构以及人们的生活习惯密切相关。     

现代建筑物室内空气质量的影响因素分析

根据现代建筑物的特点，主要从室外大气污染物；通风空调系统；建筑、装饰材料；办公室设备和家电；室内人员自身行为等５个方面，分析了影响室内空气质量的因素。并在此基础上，提出了相应的改善措施。影响现代建筑物室内空气质量的原因有很多，应根据其具体功能和所处地理位置，以及自身的建筑结构特点，采取不同的改善措施。     

室内空气品质评价及相关研究

介绍国内外有关室内空气品质的研究成果 ,包括IAQ影响因素 ,卫生标准和评价。     

发展循环经济是构建节约型社会的有效途径

自20世纪90年代实施可持续发展战略,世界各国都把发展循环经济作为实现可持续发展战略的重要途径,并进行了广泛的实践。本文通过对黄石市循环经济的实践进行分析,提出适合黄石发展循环经济的思路。