Towards sustainable development in Austria: renewable energy contributions

Besides energy conservation, theexploration of renewable energy sources, inparticular biomass and solar energy, arecentral aspects of the Austrian energypolicy, regarded as an optimal option forachieving CO₂-emission reductionobjectives.The market penetration of RenewableEnergy Technologies in the last twentyyears was supported by the AustrianEnergy Research Programme. The result ofsuccessful developments of biomass heating,solar thermal, solar electrical and windenergy technologies is the key for themarket development of these renewableenergy technologies.With the market penetration of renewableenergy technologies new business areas wereestablished and employment created.Today, some renewable energy technologiesin Austria have reached economiccompetitiveness. Some technologies notreached commercialisation, and need moredevelopment to improve efficiency,reliability and cost to become commercial.This would include material and systemdevelopment, pilot plants or fieldexperiments to clarify technical problems,and demonstration plants to illustrateperformance capabilities and to clarifyproblems for commercialisation.     

现代石化工业建筑设计的HSE理念

随着社会的进步和石化行业向着高科技高效益的迅猛发展，人们对生存环境和工作环境的质量要求越来越高。通过介绍现代石化建筑的HSE理念，探讨现代石化建筑的设计思想及手法和努力创造“以人为本”具有人性化特征的工作场所，说明现代石化建筑设计应该致力于满足人们对建筑物的安全健康与环境的要求。     

面向城市管理的城市建筑存量研究综述

城市建筑存量研究是为适应当前城市管理的需要而出现的理论研究,与国家制定的城市可持续发展战略具有内在一致性。本文对城市建筑存量的概念进行解析,全面阐述了城市建筑存量研究的意义,概述了城市建筑存量研究的系统边界、内涵和研究方法等,总结了城市建筑存量研究的三大领域：城市建筑存量时空演变及影响因素研究、城市建筑废弃物资源化开发潜力分析研究和城市可持续管理决策支持系统开发的研究现状。目前城市建筑存量理论体系尚不够完善、定量工具和基础数据库严重缺乏,对于城市决策支持不足,未来应在城市建筑存量时空演变及环境影响分析、开发融合多学科交叉及新技术应用的分析方法和辅助城市可持续管理决策三个领域加强和深化研究。     

国内外群体建筑物震害预测方法研究现状综述

群体建筑物震害预测是确定一个城市或地区某一类建筑在确定强度或某一确定时期内的地震作用下,发生某种破坏程度的概率,其目的是分析建筑物在遭受不同地震烈度影响时可能产生的破坏。系统梳理了现今为止国内外群体建筑物震害预测的学术研究现状,总结归纳了国内外传统的群体建筑物震害预测方法和近二十年来国内对于传统震害预测方法的改进研究进展,以期为城市群体建筑物震害预测研究提供新的视角和基础资料。     

Building contraventions and incidence of flood in the Lagos Metropolis,Nigeria

Frequent floods have led to loss of lives and destruction of property in both coastal and landlocked cities across the globe, particularly where floodplains have been developed without recourse to space standards. This paper investigated the contributions of contravention of building codes to flooding in flood-prone areas in the Lagos metropolis. Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) were used to determine the location and elevation above sea level of 1,025 buildings situated in 211 streets that were prone to flooding. The distance of buildings from drainage channels/the lagoon was determined in ArcGIS 10.2 environment. Findings revealed that building code contravention contributed significantly to flooding (r = 0.926). About 63.5% and 63.3% of sampled buildings contravened building-plot ratio and statutory setbacks from drainage channels/the lagoon, respectively. Proactive urban planning, strict enforcement of building codes and development control regulations are required to reduce flooding and its consequences in cities of developing nations where flooding has become an annual occurrence.     

The ambiguity of federalism in climate policy-making: how the political system in Austria hinders mitigation and facilitates adaptation

Although the impacts of federalism on environmental policy-making are still contested, many policy analysts emphasise its advantages in climate policy-making. This applies to the mitigation of climate change, in particular when federal governments (as in the U.S.) are inactive. More recently, federalism is also expected to empower sub-national actors in adapting to local impacts of climate change. The present paper analyses the role federalism in Austria played in greening the decentralised building sector (relevant for mitigation) on the one hand, and in improving regional flood risk management (relevant for adaptation) on the other. In line with the so-called matching school of the environmental federalism research strand we conclude that Austrian federalism proved to be more appropriate for regional flood protection than for mitigating climate change. We highlight that it is not federalism per se but federalism embedded in various contextual factors that shape environmental policy-making. Among these factors are the spatial scale of an environmental problem, the nitty-gritty of polity systems, and national politics (such as federal positions on climate change mitigation).     

长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内外细颗粒物浓度的实测与分析

对长沙市冬季某商场建筑室内餐饮区、化妆品区、鞋包区、服饰区和室外同步进行了细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度的实测.分析了室内不同功能区、室外PM2.5质量浓度随时间的变化特征,并分析了温度、相对湿度、风速、大气压力对PM2.5质量浓度的影响.结果表明:室外PM2.5质量浓度高于室内;室内餐饮区PM2.5质量浓度最高,其次是化妆品区和服装区,鞋包区最低;室内人为活动和室外污染共同影响着室内颗粒物质量浓度;风速与PM2.5质量浓度相关性较弱,温度、相对湿度、大气压力与PM2.5质量浓度具有较强的相关性.     

浅谈加强锦州市环境监测能力建设研究

分析了目前锦州市环境监测工作所面临的形势、监测能力现状及突出存在的问题.提出了以“三个说得清”为目标,统筹协调,扎实工作,在即将到来的“十三五”,明确未来五年质量控制工作重点,加强环境监测能力建设,提升影响力,充分适应社会发展要求以及科学技术的日益进步和监测技术的不断更新,切实提高综合监测能力和整体水平,细化目标责任考核细则,切实抓好“内强素质、外树形象”工作,使环境监测工作再上新台阶.     

建筑退让道路红线与城市消防安全布防探讨

后退道路红线,除具有城市景观布置、人流物流疏导等一般城市属性作用外,担负着抢险救灾、战争等众多涉及消防安全布防的重要功能.后退道路红线规划管理的严重滞后,对城市消防安全形成了严重挑战,是城市消防管理的重大遗漏.本文对后退道路红线与城市消防安全布防的内在关系进行了梳理,厘清了建筑控制线失控的原因,给出了解决这一问题的清晰路线图,以期能在今后城市建设及城市消防安全管理和布防的理论、规划和实践中加以匡正.     

Compromises of Bali Roadmap

The Bali Roadmap, as the breakthrough on intergovernmental negotiation of climate change mitigation, having brought United States on track, is still a result of compromises. The major compromises of the Bali Roadmap are centered around three issues of quantifying emission reduction targets, developing countries＇ obligations as well as quantifying developed countries＇ financial assistance in developing countries＇ capacity building on climate change. It is found that the rationalities behind these compromises are the national interests. Due to the fact, achieving cohesion among all nations in climate change actions is very difficult. Therefore, the Bali Roadmap may lead to a tough way with distant hope. However, technology innovation and well-designed economic instruments would be helpful and supportive for further international negotiation and cooperation.