基于前景理论突发水污染事件个体行为研究

前景理论(Prospect Theory,PT)能很好地描述个体在不确定条件下的行为决策模式和风险偏好。分析表明,利用前景理论研究突发水污染事件中的个体行为决策具有一定的适用性和可行性,因此,建立了突发水污染事件个体行为决策框架。以典型的镇江市水源苯酚污染事故为例,运用突发水污染事件个体行为决策框架,描述了突发水污染事件中的个体行为特征,研究了突发水污染事件中的个体主要决策偏差及其产生的主要原因,并对突发水污染事件中的个体决策偏差下的行为及行为表现进行了分析,提出了个体突发水污染事件应对模式。     

论环境管理会计

如何利用环境财务会计信息为企业内部管理层进行经营决策、投资决策服务是环境管理会计的研究内容。目前,国内有关环境管理会计的研究还很欠缺。从环境成本的核算与管理,环境投资决策分析及环境业绩评价3方面对环境管理会计的核心内容进行了探讨。     

安全工程专业人才培养模式研究

多学科交叉渗透教育模式是培养复合型人才的重要途径,通过探讨文、理、工类学科的交叉、渗透机制,提出由多学科融合培养具有突出特长的复合型人才模式。在分析我校安全工程专业发展和研究现状的基础上,提出引入多学科交叉渗透的理念的必要性,具体分析了安全工程复合型人才的培养模式,包括培养目标的设定、基本素养的完善、相关课程的设置、复合式教学模式的建立和教与学的双向选择机制。这对安全专业学生的综合素质培养和创新能力的提升具有重要作用。     

老龄海底油气管道弃置决策研究

针对我国老龄海底油气管道在弃置决策上缺少理论依据的问题,建立老龄海底油气管道弃置决策模型的结构流程,基于多属性效用理论,从4个维度进行分析,选取影响老龄海底管道安全寿命的工程因素、结构因素、风险因素和影响决策的成本因素,构建属性树;运用模糊理论建立模糊互补判断矩阵,综合专家意见计算各属性权重,并进行影响因素敏感性分析;确定老龄海底管道弃置决策评分准则,对属性树各因素取值进行量化,引入成本效益率量化成本因素;采用逻辑运算计算综合得分,根据综合得分进行弃置决策。工程实例应用表明:相比于传统决策方法仅凭设计寿命作为弃置依据,老龄海底管道弃置决策模型不仅避免了单一性,还能反应服役环境对管道的影响,有利于提高管道服役过程的经济性和安全性。     

钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制中的应用

为了将钢铁噪声管理信息系统应用到噪声控制中,从噪声控制工作的现场测试、控制方案的选定、降噪效果的鉴定和评价等阶段分析钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声治理工作中的应用,并给出应用实例。使用表明:钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制工作中具有指导作用。钢铁噪声管理信息系统是辅助钢铁企业噪声治理工作的有力工具。     

PROMOTING GROUND WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION IN SMALL BUSINESSES1

ABSTRACT: Although they have not been the focus of major regulations, small businesses can contribute pollutants to ground water through routine practices. Because strict regulation of millions of micro firms is not likely, water resource professionals face a challenge of how to reach small business operators with effective pollution prevention messages. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence a small business operator to adopt measures that reduce potential ground water pollution. We looked at how information delivery, internal business characteristics, and external relationships are associated with voluntary preventive measures. Mail surveys from small businesses in New Jersey municipalities and interviews with business owners provided data about business characteristics and current pollution prevention activities. Findings suggested that businesses doing the most to prevent ground water pollution were generally more connected to external organizations and had more financial and technical resources. The study also discovered that small business owners fear government involvement in their affairs. The study concludes with recommendations to encourage more voluntary adoption of prevention measures by businesses. These center on separating assistance programs from enforcement and involving industry peer groups in an effort to make information available in a non-threatening manner.     

Early Development of Systems Analysis in Natural Resources Management from Man and Nature to the Miami Conservancy District

Contemporary approaches to natural resources and environmental decision-making typically draw on a “systems” perspective to assess and improve management strategies. This paper describes the early genesis of the systems analysis approach. It concentrates on a period between the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. During the early part of this period, George Marsh's Man and Nature and related works laid out an approach to problem-solving that recognized the relationship among physically disperse elements in the environment, the need to balance benefits against costs, the potential for using quantitative modeling to understand management options, and the importance of integrating human and natural components into solutions. In the early 20th century, the Miami Conservancy District project brought this approach to fruition with its use of complex simulation and optimization modeling, detailed cost–benefit analysis, and its linking of economics, engineering, science, and law into a far-reaching solution to a complex water resources problem. The objective of this paper is to describe the early development and application of this conceptual approach to problem-solving. An examination of the origins of natural resources systems analysis can broaden one's perspective of the contemporary field to understand its roots as a philosophy for environmental problem-solving.     

提高协和飞机事故的安全性研究

为提高民航系统的安全性,研究典型的协和飞机事故的发生过程,采用案例比较法,对当时的安全情况进行研究;提出假如协和飞机采取中断起飞的决定,安全性比继续起飞的要高,生存率会提高。该结论对完善民航的系统安全有促进作用。笔者所选的案例都是与协和飞机处境相似的情况,提出具体的改善方法,即让安全规定适应多变的情况,全面涵盖变化着的系统安全边界。如果驾驶员处于走停的两难境地,允许声明进入更安全的紧急状态;在危险时刻塔台空管员应该给出更有利的指挥。     

室内空气质量灰色聚类决策评价

根据3所室内对象的监测数据,将灰色聚类决策引入到室内空气质量的研究中,以室内主要污染物二氧化碳、一氧化碳、可吸入颗粒作为评价指标,建立了室内空气质量聚类标准评价序列及其针对不同灰类的白化权函数,以此分析3种污染物对室内空气质量的综合影响程度,得出室内空气质量的灰色聚类决策结果,从而实现了对室内空气质量的灰色评价.     

构建环境应急决策支持系统的思考

环境应急决策支持系统通过数据库子系统、模型库子系统、方法库子系统、对话管理子系统等获取各种决策信息,通过大气环境预测、水环境预测、环境风险评价、三维污染仿真等模型获得数据支持信息。实现环境应急决策支持、应急救援方案、健康评价与灾后评估、信息在线发布等应用功能,为有关部门进行环境应急决策、采取污染控制措施、减轻污染危害提供方便、快捷、有效的技术支持。