上海市空气质量中NO2与气象因子的相关性分析及其浓度预报模型的建立

对上海市2008年环境空气中NO2及气温、露点、湿度、气压、风速等气象因子分别进行了相关性分析,结果表明NO2与上述气象因子均具有显著相关性;以2008年NO2与上述气象因子的日均值数据为基础,采用因子分析与多元回归建立NO2日均浓度预报模型,相关系数砰达到0．839。模型计算结果表明,影响NO2日均浓度的主要气象因子为风速、湿度、温度;采用2009年1月至5月同类监测资料对该模型进行检验,结果显示检验值与实测值的平均相对误差和平均偏差分别为14．68％和10．96％。故模型可作为上海市环境空气NO2日均浓度预报的参考方法。     

Co-inhibition of methanogens for methane mitigation in biodegradable wastes

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated.It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected.Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens,while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis.A central composite design (CCD) and response surface regression analysis (RSREG) were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition efficiency,production of volatile fatty acids and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid.Chloroform had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA (F = 121.3;p<0.01),and acetylene promoted the inhibition efficiency (F = 99.15;p<0.05) more effectively than chloroform (F = 9.72;p>0.05).In addition,a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6×10-3 (V/V).Hence,methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well,as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.     

基于构造应变对隧道初始地应力场的反演分析

岩体中的初始地应力场是岩体稳定性与工程运营必须考虑的重要因素。以东营子隧道工程为例,以隧址区构造应变作为待求解的约束条件,结合工程地质条件和实测地应力资料,运用有限元软件对隧址区地应力场进行了回归反演分析。结果表明:基于区域构造应变获得的隧址区初始应力场克服了边界条件对地应力场的影响,更加准确地反映了隧址区地应力场的分布规律,可为隧道围岩稳定性分析提供准确的位移边界条件。     

福建省工业废气排放量的因子分析与灰色预测

随着工业化进程的不断加快,工业化带来了经济腾飞,同时也带来了环境问题。工业排放的废气量逐年上升,对大气环境质量构成巨大威胁。如何有效的管理工业废气的排放,首先就要求在未来短时间范围内对工业废气的排放量做出正确的预测。运用灰色关联度方法,定量分析了福建省工业废气排放量的影响因子。利用灰色系统理论建立了工业废气排放量的GM(1,1)模型,并与多元线性回归模型对比,证实该模型具有一定的可行性和使用性,为福建省工业废气的分析预测和治理提供依据。     

厦门天马井LN-3型水位观测仪记震分析

通过对天马井LN-3型水位观测仪记录的水位观测曲线进行分析,结果显示：1.在厦门地区,对一个封闭水层而言,水位的变动以降雨量的影响最为严重,可以用回归分析方法从观测数据中消除降雨影响,使加工后数据更好地体现地震影响。2.通过记录到的水震波图像,可以得出同一井孔对同一断层上的响应方式是一致的,只是对震级大的地震响应幅度大...     

水平潜流人工湿地COD去除回归方程的建立及应用

目前对于人工湿地的研究大部分仅局限于单个湿地,其结果缺乏广泛代表性.为考察水平潜流人工湿地对于生活污水中主要污染物指标COD的去除率,建立更为详细的人工湿地回归方程,用以指导人工湿地设计,本研究按照＂黑箱模型＂理论,将所搜集的1500多组数据按照季节、水力负荷、种植植物类型以及气候类型分类,分析不同因素对于人工湿地去除...     

我国城镇居民对CO2减排的支付意愿调查研究

运用权变评价法(CVM)调查了我国城镇居民对CO2减排的支付意愿.结果表明,我国城镇居民愿意为到2050年全球CO2减排30%而每年支付132元;减排60%而每年支付216元;减排85%而每年支付264元.一般线性回归模型分析结果显示,城镇居民的受教育程度、家庭年收入、职业类型、所在城市、对气候变化的认知程度和环境意识,都对CO2减排的支付意愿有显著影响; 而且不同的CO2减排成本分配方案对人们的支付意愿也有显著影响.     

Examining driver behavior using data gathered from red light photo enforcement cameras

INTRODUCTION: To develop an effective driver assistance system that can prevent red light violations, it is important to have a thorough understanding of contributing factors and circumstances surrounding such violations. METHODS: Red light violation behavior was examined using about 47,000 violation records that were captured by photo enforcement cameras from 11 signalized intersections in the city of Sacramento, California, over a four-year period. This examination identified factors with strong correlation to red light running behavior. RESULTS: Key findings based on Sacramento's red light violation records include: (a) younger drivers showed a higher tendency of running the red light and were more likely to commit such a violation at speeds above the posted speed limit; (b) off-peak time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. had lower violation counts, but red light violators in this time frame had a higher propensity of racing through intersections at high speeds; (c) also during the time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m., violators showed a higher probability of entering intersections two or more seconds after the onset of red light; and (d) violators were less likely to cross high traffic-volume intersections with speeds greater than the posted speed limit. DISCUSSION: Sacramento's data suggest that some red light violators might have committed such an offense unintentionally. The top three violation speeds were all below 20 mph and more than 94% of red light runners crossed intersections within 2 seconds after the onset of the red light. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In the next several years, studies will be executed to assess whether a red light violation warning system can reduce "unintentional red light running" such as drivers who made incorrect judgment regarding the adequate time to clear the intersection and inattentive motorists who fail to observe the presence and status of the red light.     

长江口水域富营养化特性的探索性数据分析

根据2004年2、5、8、11月长江口及邻近海域的调查结果,选择8个与富营养化有关的特征参数,包括营养盐浓度(NO^-₃、NH₊₄、PO^{３－₄、TN、TP)、化学耗氧量、叶绿素a浓度和浮游植物细胞丰度等,应用探索性数据分析方法对该海域富营养化特性进行研究.主成分分析表明,主成分1主要反映氮营养盐和有机污染状况;主成分2反映浮游植物生物量;主成分3体现磷营养盐特点.主成分1从口门内到口门外存在降低的趋势,表明氮营养盐和有机污染主要来源于长江输入.受人类排污影响,主成分1在吴淞口、石洞口和白龙港排污口附近最高.冬季口门内各站位的氮营养盐和有机污染最为严重.春夏季的3个主成分均高于秋冬季,因此春夏季富营养化更为严重.主成分1与盐度之间在秋冬季具有较好的线性关系,在一定程度上可根据盐度预测长江口海域各站位的主成分1,即氮营养盐和有机污染状况.硝酸盐、总氮、总磷和浮游植物细胞丰度等是控制长江口水域富营养化水平时空变化的主要驱动因素.}     

A new photon kinetic-measure based on the kinetics of electron-hole pairs in photodegradation of textile wastewater using the UV-H2O2FS-TiO2 process

Actual textile wastewater and synthesized wastewater containing various textile dyes were photocatalytic degraded by the UVH2O2Fs-TiO2 process in an aimular-flow photocatalytic reactor. In this process, a photon kinetic-measure was adopted to obtain constant rates of dyes decomposition. It was theorized that, by illumination at different UV frequencies, the electrons within the semiconductor were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, yielding the formation of electron-hole pairs which are the pre-requisites for photocatalysis. CPT （critical photonic time） exposure required to cause 90% of vibrations between the double and single bonds along the molecular chain of the dyes to be oxidized, was taken to measure the photocatalytic activities. The CPTs varied with the frequencies of the UV spectral areas. The derivatization of CPT from the first-order kinetic law was presented.