毛叶山桐子培育新方法及其工程化研究

毛叶山桐子的人工培育困难,至今没有人工林地。本研究通过小型试验、扩大试验和工程化试验,对毛叶山桐子的育苗方法进行了系统研究,得出了毛叶山桐子育苗的最佳条件。     

外源水杨酸对Pb2+胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

为了研究水杨酸对重金属胁迫下植物幼苗的缓解效应,以玉米叶片的叶绿素、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质量比和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及过氧化物酶(POD)与超氧化物酶(SOD)活性为指标,采用水培法研究了不同质量浓度水杨酸对150 mg/L Pb2+胁迫下玉米幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明,经30 mg/L水杨酸缓解后受迫玉米幼苗的根长、株高和根系活性明显增加,叶片的叶绿素、游离脯氨酸与可溶性蛋白质量比均明显提高,叶片的SOD与POD活性均高于对照组和各处理组,且叶片的MDA含量显著降低.外源水杨酸可通过正向调控植物物质与能量代谢,以及保护酶系统活性来维持细胞膜的稳定性,并有效减缓膜脂过氧化进程,缓解了Pb2+胁迫对玉米幼苗的毒害.     

Effects on Wood Quality Characteristics of Hormone Breeding of Beech Seedlings Treated by Polystimulin-A6

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of polystimulin-A6 (PS-A6) on the wood quality characteristics of beech (Fagus orientalis L.) seedlings. In order to examine the seedling development, the total of 1200 seedlings treated with PS-A6 at four different concentrations and a total of 300 control seedlings were measured related to seedling height, root collar diameter, stem dry weight, root dry weight, leaf width, and length. It was also counted the leaf numbers. Finally, it was found that there was a very significant difference between PS-A6 treatments and control treatments. The seedlings treated with PS-A6 seem to perform well in comparison to control seedlings.     

氯仿,四氯化碳对蚕豆根尖细胞微核诱发效应的比较研究

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核方法检测氯仿、四氯化碳的诱变效应,结果表明,氯仿从０．０１ｇ／Ｌ至１．０各浓度组微核率明显高于阴性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,亦高于阳性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,四氯化碳从０．０１ｇ／Ｌ至１．０ｇ／Ｌ各浓度组微核率同样明显高于阴性及阳性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,且同一浓度的２种药物诱发微核率比较,氯仿高于四氯化碳,差异非常显著,说明氯仿的诱变活性强于四氯化碳。     

单甲脒对作物种群结构和生物量的影响

采用模拟试验方法研究新农药单甲脒对棉花,大豆种群生物量和结构的影响,结果表明,单甲脒对作物种群生物量和结构的影响因浓度和作物种类不同,与对照比较,１０００倍稀释液处理的棉花,大豆地上和地下部分生物量都高于对照,有促进作用;１０倍处理的棉花地上,地下部分生物量明显低于对照,而大豆生物量５０倍已明显低于对照,单甲脒对作物生产结构的影响,１０００,５００,１００倍处理的棉花,有一定程度促进作用,以５００     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value （total plant dry weight/seedling days）, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^＋-N （in nutrient solution） on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings.     

不同铁氧化物对小麦幼苗镉积累的影响

小麦富镉(Cd)问题受到广泛关注,铁氧化物具备降镉潜力.通过盆栽小麦幼苗实验,分析了三氧化二铁(Fe2O3)、氢氧化铁[Fe(OH)3[及拜耳法赤泥(B-RM)3种铁氧化物的降镉能力.结果显示3种铁氧化物中,Fe(OH)3可显著降低小麦幼苗茎叶Cd含量,与对照相比降幅为16.3％～27.7％,投加量为0.5％时降Cd效...     

铜镉复合胁迫下硫素对小麦幼苗铜镉吸收、亚细胞分布及毒性的影响

采用水培的方法,研究了不同硫素供应水平对铜镉复合胁迫(Cu+Cd:10μmol·L-1+10μmol·L-1)下,小麦幼苗铜镉吸收、亚细胞分布及生理毒性的影响.结果表明,缺硫和高硫处理均降低了小麦幼苗根系和叶片中铜和镉的含量,不同硫水平处理对小麦幼苗根系亚细胞各组分中镉的分配比例没有产生影响,而对铜亚细胞组分的分配比例...     

Toxicity of twenty-two plant essential oils against pathogenic bacteria of vegetables and mushrooms

Toxicity of twenty-two essential oils to three bacterial pathogens in different horticultural systems: Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (causing blight of bean), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial wilt and canker of tomato), and Pseudomonas tolaasii (causal agent of bacterial brown blotch on cultivated mushrooms) was tested. Control of bacterial diseases is very difficult due to antibiotic resistance and ineffectiveness of chemical products, to that essential oils offer a promising alternative. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are determined by applying a single drop of oil onto the inner side of each plate cover in macrodilution assays. Among all tested substances, the strongest and broadest activity was shown by the oils of wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus. Carvacrol (64.0–75.8%) was the dominant component of oregano oils, while geranial (40.7%) and neral (26.7%) were the major constituents of lemongrass oil. Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was the most sensitive to plant essential oils, being susceptible to 19 oils, while 11 oils were bactericidal to the pathogen. Sixteen oils inhibited the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and seven oils showed bactericidal effects to the pathogen. The least sensitive species was Pseudomonas tolaasii as five oils inhibited bacterial growth and two oils were bactericidal. Wintergreen, oregano, and lemongrass oils should be formulated as potential biochemical bactericides against different horticultural pathogens.     

我国北方两地环境臭氧浓度对矮菜豆生长的影响

地表臭氧对植物具有显著毒害作用,矮菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)已被证实对臭氧非常敏感.选用对臭氧敏感性不同的矮菜豆(R123,臭氧耐受性及S156,臭氧敏感性)分别在3个地点(北京昌平、北京生态中心、哈尔滨市)进行室外直接暴露实验,旨在探讨当前环境臭氧浓度对矮菜豆生长的影响.结果表明,生态中心和昌平两地菜豆在当前臭氧浓度下叶片都出现严重臭氧损伤症状,整个生长季S156型菜豆平均臭氧损伤比例比R123型菜豆高23.5%;臭氧损伤自开花期开始,开花期至结荚期损伤加剧,在豆荚成熟期臭氧损伤比例达到最大值.豆荚产量对比发现,昌平和生态中心两地S156型与R123型豆荚产量比值分别为0.48和0.24,哈尔滨地区为0.73,二者比值为1视为生长不受臭氧影响.可见,北京地区较高的环境臭氧浓度已使敏感性作物矮菜豆显著减产.