Induction of gene mutations in salmonella and Drosophila by soluble Cr(Vi) compounds: Synergistic effects of nitrilotriacetic acid

The interaction between NTA and soluble Cr(VI) (K₂Cr₂O₇) was studied by the Ames test on S. typhimurium and the sex‐linked recessive lethal test on D. melanogaster. In both systems a synergistic effect of NTA on Cr(VI) mutagenicity took place at sub‐toxic doses of Cr(VI). The synergism could depend on the action of NTA on intracellular Cr(VI) reduction, as more Cr(VI) was reduced in vitro to Cr(III) by Salmonella and Drosophila protein extracts in the presence of NTA. A similar enhancement of soluble Cr(VI) mutagenicity was produced by low doses of EDTA.     

Effects of Lead on the Induction of Micronuclei in Anuran Larvae

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯的致突变性研究

采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),用TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102菌株,加与不加S9,剂量分别设为每皿1000μg,500μg和250μg;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验,剂量设为雄性、雌性小鼠给药剂量均为250,500和1000mg*kg-1;小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,剂量设为625mg*kg-1,1250mg*kg-1和2500mg*kg-1.结果表明,Ames试验中,各测试浓度的诱发回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍;小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验,各剂量组和溶剂对照组的微核率进行统计学处理,未见有显着性差异(P＞0.05),表明各项试验结果均为阴性.因此,己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯无致突变作用.     

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测环境污染物的诱变活性

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术对10份矿尘样品、黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)和15份真菌提取物进行诱变性研究,结果有10份矿尘、AFB_1和5种真菌提取物能明显诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的增高;对其中5~#矿尘、AFB_1和杂色曲霉提取物进行剂量效应测定,显示了良好的剂量效应关系,提示具有诱变活性,这对当地的肿瘤发病率可能起重要作用。说明蚕豆根尖微核技术对研究环境诱变剂不失为一种有效的手段。     

聚天冬氨酸的环境影响研究

对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的环境影响进行了综合研究。好氧生物降解性试验表明,PASP属易生物降解性有机物。种子发芽试验显示,1000mg L以下的PASP对单子叶植物(小麦)和双子叶植物(黄瓜)的发芽率和芽形态无显著影响。小鼠急性毒性试验表明,LD50≥5000mg kg,PASP为实际无毒物质。微核试验中,剂量≤5 0g kg时,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核的发生率与阴性对照相近,PASP不是染色体畸变型致突变物质。Ames试验显示,对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102菌株,在加与不加S9,剂量为0 008～5mg 皿时,PASP的诱变指数最大值为1 45,诱变指数最小值为0 67,呈阴性,PASP也不是基因突变型致突变物质。综合各试验结果,可以初步认为PASP是环境友好型化合物。      

共存氯代酚结构对1-NP致突变性的影响

研究了氯代酚与1－NP的单一和联合致突变效应,结果发现,各氯代酚对1－NP的致突变性有不同程度的抑制作用,且抑制效应系数（S）与各氯代酚的分子描述参数的关系能用QSAR方程表示,由方程得出的预测值与实验测定值之间能较好地吻合。     

Genotoxicity study of high aspect ratio silver nanowires

The genotoxicity potential of silver nanowires synthesized via the solution-based polyol method has been investigated. They were found to be non-mutagenic in three Salmonella strains and were not genotoxic in a clastogenicity assay in mice. Residual surfactant was found to have an effect on the toxicological properties of the nanowires by increasing the rate of Ag⁺ release. Residual surfactant can be easily degraded via a UV treatment.