利用铜矿尾砂研制低强度可控性填料

利用铜矿尾砂、粉煤灰、水泥以及加气剂等,混合搅拌成泥浆体,振动成型,制备出低强度可控性填料(CLSM).试验表明:以水泥12.9％、铜矿尾砂(细集料)22.6％、加气剂3.2％、粉煤灰12.9％等工业废弃物,加水48.4％,固液比控制在(14～15):(15～16)之间,制得的CLSM制品,抗压强度0.35～2.00 ...     

有关斜管沉淀池的上升流速讨论

文章从理论上了分析斜管沉淀池上升流速对沉淀池处理效果的影响,及原水特性与斜管沉淀池上升流速取值的关系。讨论分析斜管沉淀池设计时,应根据原水特性不同选择不同的斜管沉淀池上升流速。     

适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注.处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点.Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果.     

适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注。处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点。Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果。     

Fouling distribution in forward osmosis membrane process

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis （FO） membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased along the membrane channel due to decreasing osmotic pressure differential across the FO membrane. A series of fouling experiments were conducted under the draw and feed solutions at various recoveries simulated by the model. The simulated fouling experiments revealed that higher organic （alginate） fouling and thus more flux decline were observed at the last section of a membrane channel, as foulants in feed solution became more concentrated. Furthermore, the water flux in FO process declined more severely as the recovery increased due to more foulants transported to membrane surface with elevated solute concentrations at higher recovery, which created favorable solution environments for organic adsorption. The fouling reversibility also decreased at the last section of the membrane channel, suggesting that fouling distribution on FO membrane along the module should be carefully examined to improve overall cleaning efficiency. Lastly, it was found that such fouling distribution observed with co-current flow operation became less pronounced in counter- current flow operation of FO membrane process.     

Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.     

锂电池正极材料Li2FeS2的充放电机理与热稳定性

随着移动电子设备的飞速发展,锂电池作为新型的能源载体也取得了巨大的进步。与嵌入式氧化物正极材料相比,Li2FeS2不仅具有理想的循环性能,而且其理论容量达到400mAh／g,约为嵌入式氧化物正极材料的2倍。因此,本文从晶体结构、电化学性能、充放电机制、充放电过程中的离子电导率变化以及热稳定性等方面对Li2FeS2正极材料进行了详细的阐述。     

多介质土壤滤层系统(MSL)与潜流式人工湿地技术处理海水养殖废水的效能比较

为探索经济可行的海水养殖废水处理技术,选取南美白对虾海水养殖废水,对比研究了多介质土壤滤层(multi-soillayer,MSL)系统和4种不同植物配置潜流式人工湿地(大米草型、芦苇型、香蒲型和无植物型)在400 L·(m2·d)-1水力负荷下的废水处理效果.结果表明,MSL对化学需氧量(COD)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)的平均去除率分别为80.38%±2.14%、68.14%±3.51%、40.79%±3.10%、42.68%±2.90%和54.19%±5.15%,均高于其他4种不同植物配置的潜流式人工湿地的处理效果.4种人工湿地系统对各污染物的去除率从高到低依次为:大米草型>芦苇型>香蒲型>无植物型.     

北京典型道路交通环境机动车黑碳排放与浓度特征研究

本研究对2009年北京市典型道路(北四环中路西段)进行实际交通流监测和调研,分析了总车流量、车型构成和平均速度的日变化规律.应用北京机动车排放因子模型(EMBEV模型)和颗粒物黑碳排放的研究数据,计算该路段的黑碳平均排放因子和排放强度.根据同期观测的气象数据,应用AERMOD模型对道路黑碳排放进行了扩散模拟,并根据城市背景站点和道路边站点的监测数据对模拟结果进行了验证.研究表明,该路段黑碳平均排放因子与重型柴油车在总车流中所占比例呈现出极强的相关性,由于北京市实行货车区域限行制度,日间时段总车流的平均黑碳排放因子为(9.3±1.2)mg·km-1·veh-1,而夜间时段上升至(29.5±11.1)mg·km-1·veh-1.全天时均黑碳排放强度为17.9~115.3g·km-1·h-1,其中早(7:00—9:00)晚(17:00—19:00)高峰时段的黑碳排放强度分别为(106.1±13.0)g·km-1·h-1和(102.6±6.2)g·km-1·h-1.基于同期监测数据验证,AERMOD模型的模拟效果较好.模拟时段的道路黑碳排放对道路边监测点的平均浓度贡献为(2.8±3.5)μg·m-3.由于局地气象条件差异,日间和夜间的机动车排放对道路边黑碳的模拟浓度存在显著差异.日间时段,小型客车排放对道路边站点的黑碳浓度贡献最高,达(1.07±1.57)μg·m-3;其次为公交车,达(0.58±0.85)μg·m-3.夜间时段货车比例明显上升,其黑碳排放占主导地位,贡献浓度(2.44±2.31)μg·m-3.     

直升机-舰动态配合的舰面流场环境研究综述

研究了制约直升机-舰动态配合性能的首要原因——直升机的载舰在海上风场、舰面特殊结构、舰艇运动等因素作用下形成的非定常舰面紊流场。在总结早期直升机-舰动态配合试验研究特点的基础上,分析了舰面流场海上实测试验的方法及其发展;针对舰面流场模拟普遍采用的CFD技术,分析了舰面流场CFD仿真的发展过程及现状。评价了新型CFD方法——DES在处理大分离涡外流方面的优势,指出了DES在舰面流场仿真领域的光明前景。