兰州市交通要道颗粒物污染状况及其致突变活性的研究

采用现场监测，色－质联用分析以及小鼠骨髓微核试验方法，评价了兰州市交通要道颗粒物的污染状况，分析了颗粒提取物（PE）的有机组成及致突变活性。结果表明，兰州市总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）污染严重。颗粒提取物中含有近100种有机化合物，其中包括致癌性多环芳烃。微核试验显示PE具有致突变活性，对人群健康的影响不容忽视。     

Particle monitoring techniques for water treatment applications

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒａｌｗａｔｅｒｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｔｏｏｓｍａｌｌｔｏｂｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙｒｅｍｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ／ｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｃａｕｓｅｓｆｉｎｅｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｔｏａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｅｉｎｔｏｌａｒｇｅｒｕｎｉｔｓ（ｆｌｏｃｓ）ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅｍｏｒｅｅａｓｉｌｙｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄ．Ｉｎｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓａｌｔｓｏｆａｌｕｍｉ…     

2007年春节期间北京大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征

利用大流量颗粒物采样器分昼夜采集了2007年春节前后大气气溶胶中PM₁₀和PM_2.5样品，并采用气相色谱-质谱技术对PM_2.5样品中的多环芳烃进行了检测.春节期间大气颗粒物中PM₁₀和PM_2.5夜间平均质量浓度为232 μg·m^-3和132 μg·m^-3,分别高于白天的PM₁₀(194 μg·m^-3)和PM_2.5(107 μg·m^-3)；除夕后颗粒物日平均质量浓度为252.3 μg·m^-3 (PM₁₀)和123.8 μg·m^-3 (PM_2.5)，分别高于除夕前的166.7 μg·m^-3(PM₁₀)和106.8 μg·m^-3(PM_2.5)；同时夜间PM_2.5中多17种多环芳烃(PAHs)的总浓度都高于相应白天的总浓度，且除夕前多环芳烃日均总浓度为95.9 ng·m^-3，高于除夕后的58.9 ng·m^-3.结果表明，除了受一定的气象条件的影响外，大量燃放烟花爆竹会对大气颗粒物浓度有影响，但对大气中的多环芳烃影响不大，而春节期间工业及交通污染排放的减少削减了排放到大气中的PAHs.根据荧蒽/芘等比值指标判别北京PAHs主要以燃煤为主、交通为次的混合局地源污染.     

Catalytic dechlorination of o-chlorophenol by nanoscale Pd/Fe

IntroductionTheuseofzerovalentironforthetreatmentofchlorinatedorganiccompounds (COCs )inwaterandgroundwaterhasbeenthefocusofmuchrecentresearch .Thestudieswereconcernedwithcompoundssuchascarbontetrachloride(Bradley ,1995 ) ,trichloroethene(Orth ,1996 ;Chen ,2 0 0 1)andpesticidesandrelatedcompounds(Sayles,1997;Monson ,1998;Eykholt,2 0 0 1;Dombek ,2 0 0 1) .Whenironisincontactwithalessreductivemetal,themetalcouplecanformgalvaniccells.ThishasledtothediscoveryofPd Febimetalliccomplexinwhichpal…     

连续式磁性颗粒去除器在轧钢废水处理中的应用

连续式磁性颗粒去除器，是利用稀土永磁Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ为材质，处理含磁性颗粒废水的装置，其主要结构由动力传递，磁块组合体，磁条移动，设备本体，进出口流道及分离部件等组成，该文阐述了永磁分离机理，并通过磁性悬浮颗粒的理论驱进速度和最小捕获粒径的求解，探讨了提高砒生粒去除器捕 方法，实践证明，该装置用于冶金轧钢废水处理中，能代替传统的轧钢废水三级处理工艺，节约投资成本７０％，占地减少８５％，运行费用亦大幅     

Status of air pollution in Beijing

A study has been made on elements organic constituents, TSP, SO2,NO2 of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing. 17 elements, and some PAHs, e. g. B(a)P, B(b, j, k)P, and B(g, h, i)P, in airborne particles by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC, GC/MS, have been determined respectively. It has been shown that the elements Pb, Zn, S and Cu were more enriched in fine particles and different valence states of sulfur at various sites. It was found that the concentrations of S6+ and S2-were more than 85% and less than 15% of the total sulfur respectively. Concentrations of major PAHs and sulfur-containing compounds increased in winter and in urban area. High values for Pb and Zn in city, Fe and Mn at industrial area and Cu, Al rural sites were obtained respectively. This implies the functions of different elemental sources of various sites. Thus, elements can be from distingushed anthropogenic and natural sources.The main contribution of SO2 was found of to have same seasonal variation as the anthropogenic el     

鄂尔多斯市秋季大气PM2.5、PM10颗粒物中正构烷烃的组成分布与来源特征

利用气相色谱-质谱技术分析了秋季鄂尔多斯市居民区、工业区和清洁区5个采样点大气PM2,、PM10颗粒物中正构烷烃组分,运用Cmax、CPl、Cn(wax)分子地球化学参数对污染源进行了初步示踪研究,并对污染程度进行了判断.结果表明,鄂尔多斯市秋季大气PM2.5、PM10颗粒物上正构烷烃来源相对比较复杂,各功能区均不同程度的受到人为来源正构烷烃污染的影响.总体来说,工业区和居民区人为来源正构烷烃污染较重,这两个功能区污染状况基本相当,而清洁区受人为来源正构烷烃污染相对较小.在鄂尔多斯地区,气候因素尤其是风向因素对大气颗粒物上正构烷烃污染水平的影响比较大.通过与我国其它大中型城市进行对比发现,我国大部分城市市区大气PM2.5、PM10颗粒物中正构烷烃主要来自于人为污染排放.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF INORGANIC PARTICLES IN SELECTED RESERVOIRS AND TRIBUTARIES OF THE NEW YORK CITY WATER SUPPLY1

ABSTRACT: Individual particle analysis (IPA) by scanning electron microscopy interfaced with automated image and X‐ray analyses was used to characterize inorganic particles in five reservoirs and four tributaries located within the Catskill and Delaware systems of the New York City water supply. Individual particle analysis provides combined elemental and morphologic characterizations. Results are presented in terms of particle projected area per unit volume (PAV), consistent with optical impacts, and partitioned into seven generic particle types according to composition. Minerals of terrigenous origins, particularly clay minerals, dominated the inorganic particle populations of all the study systems except one downstream reservoir. Higher PAV levels were observed in the Catskill system. Particle dynamics represented by PAV were driven primarily by runoff, while the reservoirs were also greatly influenced by the timing of sediment resuspension promoted by drawdown of the surface and fall mixing. The benefit of the serial configuration of the reservoirs in decreasing inorganic particles with progression downstream towards the city is demonstrated. The patterns in PAV levels among the study systems generally tracked those of more common metrics of impacts of suspensoids, including mass concentrations of suspended solids, turbidity, and Secchi disc transparency.     

极性基湿润剂与矿岩类粉尘颗粒的作用机理

根据矿岩类粉尘微颗粒的表面性质和极性基湿润剂的特性，应用分子热力学和表面物理化学理论探讨了湿润型抑尘剂与矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用机理。矿岩类粉尘吸附水的本质是由于它们之间的相互吸引作用，是分子之间的短程相互作用力和长程作用力共同作用的结果。当矿岩类粉尘与水相碰撞时，只有当吸引力大于排斥力时，水分子才能牯附于矿岩类粉尘，表面张力和体系自由能足够小时，水才能湿润矿岩类粉尘。分析了湿润剂对水和矿岩类粉尘的表面改性的原理，它增加水和矿岩类粉尘之间的相互作用力，减小了界面表面张力和体系自由能，使矿岩粉尘被水湿润能自由地进行。     

多相流中细长颗粒数值模拟研究综述

纤维干燥尾气中的飞灰含有大量的木质纤维、砂光粉和其他粉尘。从形状来看,木质纤维属细长颗粒,和研究较为成熟的球形颗粒在许多方面存在较多差异。目前,国内外学者们已对细长颗粒在多相流中的悬浮、沉降及流化方面开展了大量数值模拟研究,取得了一定的进展;在此基础上,继续完善木质纤维的运动特征、推导出其在换热器表面的碰撞沉积模型是下一步的主要工作。