零价铁(Fe~0)共存下TiO_2光催化降解特性的研究

针对TiO2光催化反应中易出现电子-空穴对(e--h+)的复合、而Fenton技术又面临铁污泥的问题,向TiO2光催化反应中加入零价铁(Fe0)。通过调节溶液pH,使Fe0缓释Fe2+,且反应之后的pH仍能满足TiO2光催化反应所需。溶液中的Fe2+,一方面能减弱TiO2光催化产生的e--h+的复合,提高TiO2光催化反应的效率;另一方面,在紫外灯照射下也可以起到光Fenton降解作用。研究结果表明,Fe0共存下TiO2光催化对废水的降解率高于单独使用TiO2光催化或光Fenton对废水的降解率。对Fe0共存下TiO2光催化降解废水的褪色率的动力学研究表明,该反应属于三级动力学反应,且其对有机物的降解具有TiO2光催化和光Fenton加合增效的效果。     

Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron

Microbial reduction of nitrate in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) was evaluated to assess the feasibility of employing NZVI in the biological nitrate treatment. Nitrate was completely reduced within 3 d in a nanoscale Fe(0)-cell reactor, while only 50% of the nitrate was abiotically reduced over 7 d at 25 °C. The removal rate of nitrate in the integrated NZVI-cell system was unaffected by the presence of high amounts of sulfate. Efficient removal of nitrate by Fe(II)-supported anaerobic culture in 14 d indicated that Fe(II), which is produced during anaerobic iron corrosion in the Fe(0)-cell system, might act as an electron donor for nitrate. Unlike abiotic reduction, microbial reduction of nitrate was not significantly affected by low temperature conditions. This study demonstrated the potential applicability of employing NZVI iron as a source of electrons for biological nitrate reduction. Use of NZVI for microbial nitrate reduction can obviate the disadvantages associated with traditional biological denitrification, that relies on the use of organic substrates or explosive hydrogen gas, and maintain the advantages offered by nano-particle technology such as higher surface reactivity and functionality in suspensions.     

硫化纳米铁的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的去除

为克服纳米零价铁易团聚、易氧化、电子选择性差等缺陷,引入硫对纳米铁进行改性制备了硫化纳米铁复合材料(S-nZVI),并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)等方法对制备的S-nZVI进行表征,同时研究了其对水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除效果。S-nZVI对MB的去除过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。当MB初始质量浓度为1000 mg/L时,S-nZVI对MB的饱和去除量可达242.06 mg/g。     

废钢铁在钢铁行业中应用前景研究

废钢铁是我国物资回收与再生资源利用体系中的重要资源,也是非常重要的战略性资源,是钢铁工业最主要的两种原料之一(另一种是铁矿石)。与铁矿石相比,废钢铁更符合绿色可持续发展的需要和钢铁行业超低排放政策的要求,未来废钢铁资源在钢铁工业发展中的重要性可能会不断提升。着重探讨了未来10年废钢铁资源产生量的变化趋势,以及对钢铁工业原料结构变化的影响。未来中国的废钢铁资源可能不仅能满足自身钢铁工业发展的需要,同时也可能为世界钢铁工业的发展提供重要的原料。     

应用物种敏感性分布评估微(纳米)塑料对水生生物的生态风险

水环境中的微(纳米)塑料对水生生物具有潜在的危害。为了评估微(纳米)塑料对水生生物的毒性效应及生态风险,本研究在广泛查阅并分析微(纳米)塑料相关毒理学研究数据的基础上,利用物种敏感性分布(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)方法对其中5门10科11种水生生物的急性毒理数据进行曲线拟合;计算对应的5%危害浓度(the hazardous concentration for 5%of the species, HC_5)和潜在影响比例(potential affected fractions, PAF);计算了相应的急性生态效应阀值(predicted no effect concentration, PNEC_(acute)),并比较了各类水生生物对微(纳米)塑料的敏感性及其所受生态风险。结果表明,目前已有数据中微(纳米)塑料对费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)的生态风险最大,对朱氏四爿藻(Tetraselmis chuii)的生态风险最小;基于Reweibull模型对水生生物数据所推导的PNEC_(acute)为0.185μg·L~(-1),约为当前微(纳米)塑料在水体环境中浓度的30%。利用SSD来预测微(纳米)塑料不同暴露浓度下对水生生物的PAF,发现当微(纳米)塑料暴露浓度小于10μg·L~(-1)时,水生生物所受的影响在可接受范围内;当暴露浓度达到1 000μg·L~(-1)时,将有26%的物种受到微(纳米)塑料的危害。此外,利用Rurrlioz软件估算了世界典型淡水与海水水域表层水体中微塑料对水生生物的PAF值,发现其PAF预测值都为0;将各水域微塑料浓度与急性生态效应阀值PNEC_(acute)比较后发现,除太湖外,其他水体环境中微塑料浓度都低于PNEC_(acute),说明如果只考虑微塑料本身的影响,目前世界典型水域表层水中微塑料对水生生物的危害程度大部分都在可接受的范围之内。     

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

• CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO₃^‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. • Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. • The application of s-Fe⁰ contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. • s-Fe⁰ changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe⁰) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe⁰ as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe⁰ particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO₃^‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO₃^‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe⁰. NH₄⁺-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO₃^‒-N was reduced to NH₄⁺-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe⁰ led to an accumulation of NH₄⁺-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO₃^‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe⁰ in a wetland mesocosm.     

纳米二氧化硅和铅复合暴露对 斑马鱼幼鱼甲状腺内分泌系统的毒性影响

纳米颗粒(NPs)因其广泛的应用而备受关注。NPs会改变重金属(如Pb)在生物体内的富集和毒性作用。因此,研究选择国际公认的模式动物斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为研究对象,开展纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO₂)对Pb在鱼体内的积累和甲状腺内分泌系统干扰的研究。受精2 h后的斑马鱼胚胎,单独暴露于环境相关浓度的Pb(如0, 5, 10和20 μg/L)或与无效应浓度nano-SiO₂(如25 μg/L)复合暴露至144 h。结果表明：和nano-SiO₂复合暴露后,斑马鱼幼鱼体内Pb的含量显著高于同浓度下Pb单独暴露(P<0.05)。此外,Pb或nano-SiO₂单独暴露都不会显著改变斑马鱼幼鱼体内甲状腺激素(T4和T3)的含量(P>0.05);但当两者复合暴露后,斑马鱼幼鱼体内T4和T3含量显著低于对照组或同浓度下Pb单独暴露组 (P<0.01和P<0.05)。在Pb单独或与nano-SiO₂复合暴露下,tshβ基因的表达都显著上调,但ttr和tg基因的表达都显著下调,并且复合暴露造成基因表达水平的改变较同浓度下Pb单独暴露相比更明显(P<0.05)。上述结果指出,nano-SiO₂会增加Pb在生物体内的富集,从而对斑马鱼幼鱼的甲状腺内分泌系统造成更严重的影响。     

纳米零价铁在环境中的毒性研究进展

纳米零价铁(nZVI)作为一种高效的环境修复材料,被广泛应用在土壤和地下水的修复等环境领域。但研究发现,大量进入环境中的nZVI可能会对生物体和生态系统产生严重危害,如和nZVI接触后,会造成小鼠器官受到损伤,杨树幼苗生长减缓,大肠杆菌等微生物的细胞膜破裂等不利作用出现。此外,nZVI还会改变环境中的氧化还原电位和溶解氧等指标,而且毒性效应容易受到外界条件的干扰。虽然目前对nZVI的致毒机制还不完全明确,但学者们提出了多种可能的假设,主流的观点是铁离子的释放、氧化损伤和基因损伤等。本文综述了国内外对nZVI毒性的最新研究成果,以期为nZVI的使用和毒性研究提供参考。     

纳米零价铁的微生物毒性效应研究进展

纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero-valent iron,NZVI)是一种新型的地下水修复材料,NZVI的生物安全性研究已经引起了世界各国学者的广泛关注。本文综述了国内外有关NZVI微生物毒性的研究成果,重点介绍了NZVI对微生物的毒性效应及致毒机理,归纳总结了影响NZVI颗粒毒性效应的各种因素,并对未来NZVI材料毒性研究的发展方向进行了展望,以期为NZVI的生物安全性研究提供参考。     

非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺深度处理聚甲醛废水

以聚甲醛废水经传统生化工艺处理后的一级好氧出水、二级好氧出水和二沉池出水为研究对象,混凝后采用非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺对其进行深度处理,并与铁碳微电解—均相Fenton氧化组合工艺和传统Fenton氧化工艺对比,考察了3种工艺的COD去除效果、铁泥产量和运行成本.实验结果表明:非均相Fenton催化氧化工艺具有更...