多级联合处理工甲基三硫醚生产废气

对二甲基二硫醚生产过程中产生的含硫有机恶臭气体采用冷冻回收、氧化吸收、吸附净化等方法进行联合处理,该废气处理方法建设周期短,投资小,见效快,具有较好的经济效益、两年内即可收回全部投资.实施运行后,大大改善了厂内及其周边大气环境.     

淡水沉积物中重金属对底栖生物毒性及其生物有效性研究

以淡水单孔蚓(Monopylephorous limosus)、伸展摇蚊(Chironomus tentans)为受试生物,以生长抑制率、死亡率、自断率为测试终点,研究了沉积物中5种重金属(Cu、Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn)对底栖生物的毒性效应,探讨了沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(Acid Volatile Sulfide,AVS)和同时提取金属(Simultaneously Extracted Metals,SEM)与生物毒性之间的关系.结果表明:5种金属加标沉积物对淡水单孔蚓和伸展摇蚊的毒性顺序分别是Cd(LC50281 mg·kg-1)Ni(LC50646 mg·kg-1)Cu(LC50830 mg·kg-1)Pb(LC501040 mg·kg-1)Zn(LC501320 mg·kg-1);Cd(LC5026.3 mg·kg-1)Pb(LC50248 mg·kg-1)≈Cu(LC50256 mg·kg-1)Ni(LC50343 mg·kg-1)Zn(LC501400 mg·kg-1).当SEM/AVS1时,除Cd外其他4种金属对淡水单孔蚓、伸展摇蚊幼虫均表现出较为明显的毒性效应,而且Pb、Ni、Zn对两种生物的毒性效应与SEM/AVS值之间表现出良好的一致性,说明SEM/AVS可以较好的反映沉积物中重金属的生物有效性.     

利用水泥生产线协同处置城市生活垃圾排污分析

分析了利用水泥生产线协同处置城市生活垃圾过程中重金属转化和二噁英产生的过程,提出在水泥生产系统中,重金属和氯有一个循环过程,认为挥发性重金属和二噁英仍有部分经窑尾烟囱排入大气,其排放量和排放浓度能否达到国家标准仍有一定的不确定性.     

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(Ⅲ)-chitosan complex

Cross-linked Fe（III）-chitosan composite （Fe-CB） was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. The eluent of 2.5% （W/V） NaC1 could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed.     

硫化砷渣的固化/稳定化处理

为了解决硫化砷渣对环境的污染,采用了单因素分析法,研究了飞灰、三氧化二铁、PFS、磷酸钠、硫酸亚铁和水泥对硫化砷渣的固化/稳定化效果,研究结果表明:当飞灰加入量为硫化砷渣质量的9倍、水泥的加入量为硫化砷渣质量的4倍、三氧化二铁加入量为硫化砷渣质量的20%、磷酸钠加入量为硫化砷渣质量的10%时,对处理后的样品使用HJ/T 299—2007《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法》浸出,浸出液中砷的质量浓度为1.12 mg/L,浸取液的p H值为11.5,达到了危险废物填埋污染控制标准。     

被动采样/热脱附/GC-MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量

建立了吸附管被动采样-热脱附解吸气相色谱质谱联用测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量的采样、分析方法。14种挥发性有机物的检出限为0.002~0.005 ng/h。该法采样无需动力,具有简单、方便、灵敏度高等特点,可广泛应用于环境气体的监测。     

鞍山市大气中多环芳烃健康影响评价

通过对鞍山市典型区域（6个污染源、4个居住区、一个对照点）大气颗粒物中PAHs的监测,采用BaP当量致毒系数TEF,研究了鞍山市大气颗粒物中典型PAHs毒性当量分布特征。研究结果表明,鞍山大气中典型PAHs污染主要以4～6环为主,不致癌BaP当量浓度为0．066ng/m3,致癌BaP当量浓度为12．7ng／m3,强致癌BaP当量浓度为8．1ng/m3,很强致癌BaP当量浓度为12．7ng／m3。BaP毒性当量浓度呈现出采暖期要远远高于非采暖期,工业区及工业区周边BaP毒性当量浓度要远远高于居住区和对照点。     

从河道自净角度谈影响河道水质净化的因素

摘要：在城市河道污染日趋严重的今天,利用河道水体自净过程的机理来解决河道水质污染问题正成为改善河道水质的一种趋势。通过对河道自净过程的分析,总结出溶解氧、水力条件、温度、微生物、河岸带在河水自净中起到了决定性的作用,并分别从上述五个方面来阐述它们在自净过程中发挥的重要性。这给改善河道水质提供了不少途径,目前许多的河道整治手段都是由此受到了启发。因此明确了在未来河流污染治理的道路上,从河道自净化规律出发去看待和治理河道水污染问题是非常必要的。     

鞍山市总悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃分布特征

通过对鞍山市典型区域（6个污染源、4个居住区、一个对照点）大气中总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）的监测,采用GC／MS法分析了总悬浮颗粒物中16种PAHs的含量,探讨了鞍山市总悬浮颗粒物浓度及16种多环芳烃的分布特征及来源。研究结果表明,鞍山市大气中总悬浮颗粒物采暖期普遍比非采暖期高1．1～2．5倍,总悬浮颗粒物中PAHs总量采暖期也远远高于非采暖期;鞍钢6个点位在非采暖期的PAHs总量均远远高于其他五个点位,表明了工业污染导致的环境空气质量下降是不容忽视的。     

Photochemical production of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and dimethyl sulfide in a lake water

Photochemical production of carbonyl sulfide(COS),carbon disulfide(CS_2) and dimethyl sulfide(DMS) was intensively studied in the water from the Aohai Lake of Beijing city.The lake water was found to be highly supersaturated with COS,CS_2 and DMS,with their initial concentrations of 0.91 ± 0.073 nmol/L,0.55 ± 0.071 nmol/L and 0.37 ± 0.062 nmol/L,respectively.The evident photochemical production of COS and CS_2 in the lake water under irradiation of 365 nm and 302 nm indicated that photochemical production of them might be the reason for their supersaturation.The similar dependence of wavelength and oxygen for photochemical production of COS,CS_2 and DMS implied that they might be from the same precursors.The water cage effect was found to favor COS production but inhibit CS_2and DMS formation,indicating that COS photochemical production was mainly from direct degradation of the precursors and the formation of CS_2 and DMS needed intermediates via combination of carbon-centered radicals and sulfur-centered radicals.The above assumptions were further confirmed by simulation experiments with addition of carbonyls and amino acids(cysteine and methionine),and the photochemical formation mechanisms for COS,CS_2 and DMS in water were derived from the investigations.