固定化优势菌种处理NH3和H2S恶臭气体

用海藻酸钠作包埋剂固定优势菌种(枯草芽孢杆菌、白曲霉菌、葡萄球菌)处理NH3和H2S。考察了气体流量、NH3和H2S气体浓度、循环液喷淋量对NH3和H2S去除效果的影响。固定化生物滴滤反应器最佳运行条件为:气体流量1.0m3/h、循环液喷淋量8.88L/h、进气H2S质量浓度低于51.85mg/m3、进气NH3质量浓度低于57.21mg/m3。处理NH3和H2S的最大容积负荷分别为634.1g/(m3·d)和699.6g/(m3·d)。处理后出气中的NH3和H2S的质量浓度分别达到GB14554—93《恶臭污染物排放标准》中的一级排放标准和二级排放标准。     

隔离曝气生物反应器处理含硫含酚碱渣

采用隔离曝气生物反应器（简称反应器）处理含硫含酚碱渣（简称碱渣）,探讨了碱渣中硫化物的去除机理．研究了反应器中的挂膜驯化过程,考察了水力停留时间、气水体积比（简称气水比）及反冲洗周期等对碱渣中硫化物、挥发酚、COD和油等污染物处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在碱渣处理量为1m^3／h、气水比为36：1、水力停留时间为12．0h,反冲洗周期为3～5d的条件下,经过隔离曝气生物氧化工艺处理后碱渣的COD、硫化物、油和挥发酚的去除率分别为88％,99％,89％,85％,出水BOD,约为30mg／L,BOD,／COD小于0．1,处理1t碱渣的产泥量为0．17～0．26kg。     

A Study of Sorptive Loss Patterns for Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Use of the Bag Sampling Method

In this work, the basic properties of the bag sampling method were examined and characterized in terms of recovery rate with respect to four reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) including H₂S, CH₃SH, DMS, and DMDS. For this comparative study, two types of calibration approaches were performed to evaluate the relative RSC loss due to bag sampling. As a reference calibration tool, a syringe dilution (SD) method was applied. The working standards prepared by diluting the primary standard in a gas-tight syringe (as a mixing chamber) were injected to the GC/PFPD through a loop-injection system to yield a background calibration information. In contrast, the target calibration was performed based on a bag dilution (BD) method. To this end, working standards for multiple calibration points were prepared by two different bag types (Tedlar bag (TB) and polyester bag (PB)). These standards were then drawn by the same syringe and injected into the GC/PFPD via loop. On the basis of these comparative analyses, both absolute and relative differences in RSC recovery rates (RR) were evaluated (e.g., comparison of wall-loss effect). The results indicate that TB has a mean RR of 87% for the four RSC with their values ranging from 82 (CH₃SH) to 91% (DMDS). On the other hand, the results of PB generally exhibited slightly reduced RR with their mean values of 77% (range: 73% of H₂S to 83% of DMS). The results of this study generally suggest that the losses of RSC samples, while inevitable with the bag sampling method, exhibit certain patterns between different RSCs and between different grab sampling materials.     

Short-term Distributions of Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Ambient Air Surrounding a Large Landfill Facility

In order to explore the environmental behavior of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) as malodorous components emitted from diverse source processes, the distribution characteristics of four sulfur (S) compounds - hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), dimethyl sulfide (DMS: (CH₃)₂S), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS: (CH₃)₂S₂) – were investigated in a municipal landfill area. In the course of this study, their ambient concentration levels were measured during two time periods from 13 individual spots selected as a function of distance from the center of the landfill site. The results generally indicated the absolute dominance of H₂S over the other S compounds investigated (up to 5 km radius) such that their mean values were found as 1415 (H₂S), 148 (DMS), 20.6 (CH₃SH), and 14.4 ppt (DMDS). When our data were compared in terms of either varying distance from the source or relationship with meteorological conditions, the H₂S data sets were most evident to reflect the potential effects of strong source processes in the landfill environment, relative to other S gases (or to volatile organic compounds measured concurrently). The results of this study further indicated the relatively good correspondence between the measured H₂S concentration level and humans' intuitive sensory of odor and nuisance.     

脱氮硫杆菌氧化硫化氢过程中的生物氧化和化学氧化

在好氧反应器中研究了不同条件下H2S生物氧化和化学氧化之间的关系.结果表明,在pH为6～8、温度为25～35℃和溶解氧浓度为10.5 mg·L-1时,当硫化氢进气摩尔流速稳定在2.1 mmok·L-1·h-1时,脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)氧化硫化氢的生物氧化速率可达到1.9 mmol·L-1·h-1以上,此时硫化物在液相的累积摩尔速率和H2S出口摩尔流速均很低;化学氧化速率随pH、温度和溶解氧浓度的增加而增大,可达到0.33 mmol·L-1·h-1～0.45 mmol·L-1·h-1;化学氧化速率在最佳菌体生长条件范围内占总氧化速率的比值较小,为8.6～19.1%,而随着pH值、温度的降低这一比值上升至29%～43.7%.     

罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区水环境概况及其保护

罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区水源十分缺乏,基本无地表水系,水源主要以泉水形式存在。目前保护区内分布的泉水点有40多个,泉水点主要分布在保护区东部阿奇克谷地区域和南部阿尔金山区,北部的库鲁克塔格山区也有少量分布。本文介绍了保护区的自然地理环境、水文条件、泉水点分布情况、水质情况及矿产开发、非法放牧及道路建设等人类活动对水源的影响,并提出了水环境保护的意见和措施。     

低浓度SO2和NOx 自动监测系统性能评价方法

通过对7种废气自动监测系统的比较研究和现场测试,提出了非分散红外法、紫外差分法、紫外荧光法、化学发光法等多种 SO2和 NO x 自动监测技术在低浓度范围实现准确定量监测的性能评价方法,定义了 CEMS 的系统检出限及其主要影响因素。建议采用系统检出限、线性误差等关键参数作为低浓度 CEMS 的性能评价方法,提出将全系统多点标准气体校准或加标回收率作为验收和质控监督的基本方法。     

多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究现状

分析了多无人机协作监测污染气团的研究意义,以及涉及到的4个主要技术问题——未知环境的搜索方法、环境地图建模、任务分配和路径规划的研究现状,指出多无人机协作监测研究的仿真平台、三维空间的监测技术及精确的模型是开展该项工作的重要研究方向。     

汽油车排气稳态工况法检测设备常见故障及处理

结合近年来江苏省机动车环保检测工作的实际情况,解析轻型汽油车稳态工况法检测系统中五气分析仪、底盘测功机及环境参数测试单元在日常操作过程中的常见问题,分析其产生原因并提出相应的解决办法。     

EDTA及其回收溶液治理重金属污染土壤的研究

试验结果表明,EDTA能够有效地萃取土壤重金属,由于其价格较贵和不易被降解等特点,限制了它的广泛运用.在运用MINTEQA2模型对萃取液中重金属离子形态分析的基础上,选用Na2S沉淀法将重金属从EDTA萃取液中有效分离.同时将回收的EDTA连续进行萃取土壤重金属,由于回收EDTA浓度下降的原因,其效果比新鲜EDTA的要稍微差一点,但从经济和效率上来说,仍旧可以用来治理重金属污染的土壤.