中国高矿化度矿井水脱盐技术应用现状研究

详细介绍了中国主要的水处理脱盐技术,包括化学药剂法、离子交换法、蒸馏法、电渗析法、反渗透法,并列举了各技术在高矿化度矿井水处理中的应用实例。实际经验表明化学药剂法、离子交换法和蒸馏法在高矿化度矿井水处理中均具有一定的局限性,电渗析技术脱盐效率高,适用于处理含盐量在500 mg/L~4 000mg/L的矿井水,反渗透技术脱盐效率高,应用范围广,既能够处理含盐量4 000 mg/L以下的矿井水,也能够处理含盐量10 000 mg/L的矿井水,是现阶段中国高矿化度矿井水脱盐的主要技术。     

Characteristics and anthropogenic sources of carbonyl sulfide in Beijing

Atmospheric mixing ratios of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in Beijing were intensively measured from March 2011 to June 2013. COS mixing ratios exhibited distinct seasonal variation, with a maximum average value of 849 ± 477 pptv in winter and a minimal value of 372 ± 115 pptv in summer. The seasonal variation of COS was mainly ascribed to the combined effects of vegetation uptake and anthropogenic emissions. Two types of significant linear correlations (R² > 0.66) were found between COS and CO during the periods from May to June and from October to March, with slopes (ΔCOS/ΔCO) of 0.72 and 0.14 pptv/ppbv, respectively. Based on the emission ratios of COS/CO from various sources, the dominant anthropogenic sources of COS in Beijing were found to be vehicle tire wear in summer and coal burning in winter. The total anthropogenic emission of COS in Beijing was roughly estimated as 0.53 ± 0.02 Gg/year based on the local CO emission inventory and the ΔCOS/ΔCO ratios.     

Characteristics and anthropogenic sources of carbonyl sulfide in Beijing

Atmospheric mixing ratios of carbonyl sulfide(COS) in Beijing were intensively measured from March 2011 to June 2013. COS mixing ratios exhibited distinct seasonal variation, with a maximum average value of 849 ± 477 pptv in winter and a minimal value of 372 ± 115 pptv in summer. The seasonal variation of COS was mainly ascribed to the combined effects of vegetation uptake and anthropogenic emissions. Two types of significant linear correlations(R2 0.66) were found between COS and CO during the periods from May to June and from October to March, with slopes(ΔCOS/ΔCO) of 0.72 and 0.14 pptv/ppbv, respectively. Based on the emission ratios of COS/CO from various sources, the dominant anthropogenic sources of COS in Beijing were found to be vehicle tire wear in summer and coal burning in winter. The total anthropogenic emission of COS in Beijing was roughly estimated as 0.53 ± 0.02 Gg/year based on the local CO emission inventory and the ΔCOS/ΔCO ratios.     

沉积物中重金属Pb和Cd对河蚬的毒性效应研究

以河蚬为受试生物,以存活率、呼吸抑制率为测试终点,研究了沉积物和上覆水中重金属Pb、Cd对底栖生物的毒性效应,并探讨了沉积物中酸挥发性硫化物(acid volatile sulfide,AVS)和同时提取金属(simultaneously extracted metals,SEM)对重金属生物有效性的影响。结果表明,沉积物中Pb、Cd对河蚬致死效应较低,当Pb、Cd浓度分别为400、100 mg獉kg-1,连续暴露21 d时,致死率低于20%;沉积物中Pb、Cd对河蚬14 d的呼吸抑制率EC50分别为519和151 mg獉kg-1;上覆水中Pb和Cd离子浓度较低,对生物毒性效应贡献可以忽略;SEM/AVS值和生物呼吸抑制率有着明显的线性相关性,当SEMPb/AVS1,SEMCd/AVS0.6时,重金属对河蚬有明显的毒性效应。     

环境中主要持久性有机污染物检测技术研究进展

论述了持久性有机污染物的检测技术现状,包括环境标准、检测方法等,提出了我国在此领域存在的问题和发展方向。     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Westem Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Advantages of tourism resources in the ＂periphery regions＂ should be fully utilized, and ＂multi-tourism＂ meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The ＂multi-tourism development model＂ can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

工业生态系统类型及稳定性的相关性探讨

在分析了工业生态系统及其稳定性涵义的基础上，结合实例把工业生态系统分为3种类型：星式工业生态系统、放射式工业生态系统和点式工业生态系统，从多方面探讨了各种类型工业生态系统的特征，并分析了工业生态系统类型与稳定的相关性，有针对性地提出提高各类型工业生态系统稳定性的对策。     

污染河流底质中铅的解吸规律研究

通过对云南省马关县矿区河流中重金属铅在不同转速和不同静止时间的测定和分析，结果表明，河流流速越快，底质中的铅向水中释放量越多，而且在河流越平稳地段，重金属铅在底泥中沉积量就越多。     

PKS控制系统在锅炉烟气脱硝处理中的应用

Honeywell PKS控制系统应用于循环流化床锅炉脱硝处理,可实现工艺数据的集中显示和工艺指标的集散控制,特别是在关键设备如稀释风机的互备联锁控制、氨流量的自动调节、吹灰器的顺序控制等方面,利用PKS系统丰富的功能块,实现了控制策略的组态和优化,保证了生产安全稳定运行。     

器具开关寿命检测中电流波形失真的分析与研究

本文针对器具开关寿命检测试验中的负载设计方式,特别是使用铁芯电感代替理想空心电感构成试验电路时引起电流失真的情况进行研究,首先对各类常见家用电器的实际波形失真特征量进行测试,得到试验可接受的统计范围,在此基础上,与不同铁芯电感模拟家用电器作负载的电流失真情况进行对比和分析,首次对检测电路的负载制作规范提出合理化建议,完善器具开关质量检测相关的标准化体系。