超临界流体技术及其在环境保护中的应用

从超临界流体萃取、超临界水氧化、催化超临界水氧化和超临界流体色谱等四个方面介绍超临界流体技术在环境分析、环境污染治理中的应用和发展方向。     

页岩气压裂返排液的分析与双效MVR处理

对西南地区某页岩气田压裂返排液进行了分析,在此基础上采用双效机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)系统对其进行处理,建立了完整的计算模型,并对影响系统的主要参数进行了探讨。压裂返排液分析结果表明:蒸发浓缩液黏度与相同浓度氯化钠溶液的黏度相近,可排除因有机物富集导致其在蒸发器内壁附着而影响传热系数及堵塞蒸发器的可能。模型计算结果表明:进料含盐率由2%增至6%时,压缩机比功耗与压缩机进气量的降幅均小于4.0%,两效蒸发器面积分别减小约4.3%和18.5%;传热温差由4℃升至8℃时,压缩机比功耗增加约51.0%,两效蒸发器面积均减小约49.6%;在系统安全运行的前提下,提高蒸发温度可降低系统能耗。     

磁流体除尘的研究

磁流体是将铁磁性或亚铁磁性固体颗粒通过一定方法均匀分散在基液中的混合液。本实验揭示了磁流体对非磁性粉尘、磁性粉尘的除尘效果,讨论磁流体放置时间、磁流体温度、磁流体中的离子对粉尘处理效果的影响。     

A numerical investigation of fluid-structure coupling of 3 MW wind turbine blades

In this paper, computational modeling is created for 3 MW wind turbine blade using the software Solidworks, and the computations are carried out using Workbench for the fluid–structure interaction of blades due to both the rated and the extreme wind load. The methods developed are applied to the simulation of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine blades, and validation against published data is presented. Moreover, the static structural analysis for wind turbine rotor is performed using Mechanical APDL. The results show that the maximum values of stress reach 458 MPa and 76.9 MPa due to the rated and extreme wind load, respectively, which are lower than 78.3 MPa, the flexural strength of Swancor 2511-A epoxy resin for blade material.     

Artificially roughened solar air heater: A comparative study

Artificially roughened solar air heater has been topic in research for the last 30 years. Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow processes of an artificially roughened solar air heater can be obtained by three approaches: theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on the investigations of artificially roughened solar air heater. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present holistic view of various roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness in solar air heater for heat transfer enhancement. This extensive review reveals that quite a lot of work has been reported on design of artificially roughened solar air heater by experimental approach but only a few studies have been done by theoretical and CFD approaches. Finally this article presents a comparative study of thermo-hydraulic performance of 21 different types of artificial roughness geometries attached on the absorber plate of solar air heater in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. Heat transfer and friction factor correlations developed by various investigators for different types of artificially roughened solar air heaters have also been reported in this article.     

Effects of Strength and Position of Pollutant Source on Pollutant Dispersion Within an Urban Street Canyon

A two-dimensional numerical model for simulating airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an urban street canyon was first developed using the FLUENT code, and then it was validated against a wind tunnel experiment. Then the effects of strength and position of pollutant sources on pollutant dispersion within an urban street canyon were investigated numerically. The numerical results showed that the dimensionless pollutant concentrations within the urban street canyon were independent from the source strength. The results also revealed that the pollutant distributions inside the urban street canyon with a two-lane road were influenced significantly by the positions of the two sources: 1) the closer the two sources were to the street center of the canyon, the lower the pollutant concentrations on the leeward wall and at the human respiration level in the leeward footpath became; 2) the pollutant concentrations on the windward wall and at the human respiration level in the windward footpath were not sensitive to the locations of the two sources as long as the source on the windward lane was situated outside the small recirculation zone at the bottom corner of the canyon windward wall; 3) the pollutant concentrations on the lower parts of the windward and leeward walls as well as in the two footpaths increased greatly when the two sources were moved from outside into the small recirculation zones.     

大连地区唐氏筛查孕中期妇女羊水中甲状腺激素水平与PBDEs内暴露关系初探

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一类常用的溴代阻燃剂,由于使用广泛,已成为普遍存在的环境污染物。研究表明,PBDEs具有内分泌干扰作用,影响甲状腺功能,对胚胎发育、婴幼儿及儿童的健康存在潜在的危害。本研究采集了100例具羊水穿刺指征的孕妇的孕中期羊水样本,采用罗氏全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪测定羊水中促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、抗甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOA)和抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)的含量,用气相色谱-负化学源-质谱法测定羊水样品中16种PBDEs同系物含量。结果显示,羊水中TSH、TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4中位数分别为0.342μIU·m L-1、0.949 nmol·L-1、1.52 pmol·L-1、11.02 nmol·L-1和3.91pmol·L-1,95%参考区间值分别为0.174~0.872μIU·m L-1、0.835~1.01 nmol·L-1、1.26~2.72 pmol·L-1、9.42~20.68 nmol·L-1和2.16~6.35 pmol·L-1。具有唐氏筛查高风险和甲状腺激素水平低下的羊水样品中共检出6种BDEs(BDE-47、BDE-71、BDE-138、BDE-183、BDE-190、BDE-209),其中BDE-71、183和190在被检羊水样品中均被检出,并且,TSH水平低下的羊水中BDE-190和209负荷水平显著高于正常组。这些结果提示,大连地区孕中期妇女羊水存在PBEDs内暴露,并且PBDEs内暴露可能与羊水的甲状腺激素水平低下、尤其TSH水平升高有关,提示PBDEs暴露可能与胎儿中枢神经系统损伤产生的下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴功能失调有关。因此,羊水PBDEs内暴露对新生儿出生结局的影响值得进一步关注。     

钻井废液毒性检测与评价研究

以几种典型钻井液体系为研究对象,分别选用成熟可靠的检测方法对其生物毒性、化学毒性和重金属含量进行分析,结果表明:部分钻井废液具有一定生物和化学毒性,其中,磺化体系钻井液在生物毒性和化学毒性方面均超标,应重点加强管理;低密度无固相体系和磺化体系钻井液中Hg和Cr元素存在不同程度的超标。     

穿越城市生活区的天然气管道泄漏连锁爆燃后果评估研究

为评估城市天然气管道泄漏连锁爆燃事故后果,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法构建穿越城市区域的天然气管道泄漏连锁爆燃后果预测与评估模型,以某城市生活区域为例,在城市生活区域建筑物内风场流动计算的基础上,模拟风场作用下可燃气体在城市建筑物空间内的运移规律,预测可燃气云的积聚区域;考虑意外点火的情况,计算城市生活区域内可燃气云爆燃灾害特征,预测爆燃超压、热辐射和高温的影响。研究结果表明：由于建筑物之间的阻挡与反射作用,建筑物下风向有明显的低风速区域,并在一定时间段后扩散过程趋于稳定;在爆燃火焰作用下,高温和热辐射会造成建筑物部分钢结构发生失效变形。     

脱硫吸收塔除雾器性能的实验研究和数值模拟

实验研究了不同操作条件、板片型式及板间距对除雾器除雾效率及压降的影响规律,并采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对除雾器内流场进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,操作条件对压降和流场影响较小,而板片型式特别是迎风面的几何结构是影响流场与压降的关键因素;随着气速的增大,除雾效率增高,但当气速增到某一临界值（4～5 m/s）后,除雾效率随着气速的增大而迅速减小;除雾器压降的数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好;除雾器内存在2个回流区,回流区是产生除雾器临界气速的重要原因之一。研究结果可为除雾器优化设计提供指导。