沉积物中汞的生物可利用性研究进展

沉积物是汞在水体中的主要分布相,同时也被认为是许多水生生物摄取汞的主要途径,本文综述了近年来在沉积物中汞的生物可利用性领域所取得的最新研究进展,包括体外消化液萃取法估测沉积物中汞的生物可利用性、可能影响汞生物可利用性的生物地球化学因素(汞在沉积物中的浓度、沉积物的组成、汞与沉积物的接触时间、汞与沉积物的结合形式,以及沉...     

一种基于SDS溶液高效提取土壤残留Bt蛋白的方法

通过对SDS浓度、孵育温度和孵育时间3种提取条件的研究,建立了一种基于SDS溶液的提取土壤中残留Bt蛋白的方法(简称SDS法).在ρ(SDS)为2 g·L-1、孵育温度为50℃、孵育时间≥4 h条件下,采用SDS法可有效地从不同类型土壤样品中提取残留Bt蛋白,提取效果明显好于碳酸盐法、人造蠕虫肠道蛋白提取液法和PBST(phosphate buffer solution with Tween-20)法.     

Flow field and dissolved oxygen distributions in the outer channel of the Orbal oxidation ditch by monitor and CFD simulation

In the Orbal oxidation ditch,denitrification is primarily accomplished in the outer channel.However,the detailed characteristics of the flow field and dissolved oxygen(DO)distribution in the outer channel are not well understood.Therefore,in this study,the flow velocity and DO concentration in the outer channel of an Orbal oxidation ditch system in a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing(China)were monitored under actual operation conditions.The flow field and DO concentration distributions were analyzed by computed fluid dynamic modeling.In situ monitoring and modeling both showed that the flow velocity was heterogeneous in the outer channel.As a result,the DO was also heterogeneously distributed in the outer channel,with concentration gradients occurring along the flow direction as well as in the cross-section.This heterogeneous DO distribution created many anoxic and aerobic zones,which may have facilitated simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in the channel.These findings may provide supporting information for rational optimization of the performance of the Orbal oxidation ditch.     

室内空气品质评价

介绍国内外有关室内空气品质的评价方法，着重介绍CFD和多区域两类模拟方法。     

Appearance of excessive lipids in amniotic fluid as a sign of fetal hyperlipidaemia

The appearance of excessive lipids in amniotic fluid during Caesarean section raised the suspicion of a hyperlipidaemic fetus. The amniotic fluid had elevated cholesterol (53 mg/dl) and triglycerides (81 mg/dl). At the age of 2 months, the infant was hyperlipidaemic (cholesterol of 161 mg/dl and triglycerides of 84 mg/dl). The case suggests the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.     

Cytogenetic studies of amniotic fluid taken before the 15th week of pregnancy for earlier prenatal diagnosis: A report of 114 consecutive cases

One hundred and fourteen samples of amniotic fluid taken before 15 weeks of gestation were cultured for cytogenetic studies. The results of culturing these early amniotic fluid (EAF) samples were compared with the results of culturing 114 standard amniotic fluid (SAP) samples taken after 15 weeks of gestation matched for maternal age and received in the laboratory within the same week. Cell culture was successful in all 114 of the EAF samples and in 111 SAP samples. There was no significant difference in the days to harvesting and days to reporting in the two groups. Three samples of SAP failed to grow and two EAF samples produced tetraploid karyotypes, so that in these five cases amniocentesis had to be repeated. These problems were attributed to toxicity of a fungicide used in the culture medium. Pseudomosaicism was noted in two EAF samples and one SAP sample; and maternal cell contamination was noted in one EAF and one SAP sample. Thus, culturing and karyotyping cells harvested from EAF and SAP are similar, indicating that EAF samples from 12–14-week pregnancies could be used for prenatal diagnosis.     

空气作用张开式尾翼设计及仿真

目的 适配发射过程无火药气体且弹丸不自旋的电磁发射技术,设计一种直接由空气作用的张开式尾翼。方法 该尾翼预制斜角,通过进气道气流在斜面上产生的压差,推动尾翼绕螺钉打开。采用动网格技术耦合流体控制方程、六自由度(6DOF)方程,对不同马赫数下尾翼张开过程进行仿真。结果 设计的空气作用张开式尾翼在流场作用下可以正常张开,来流流速为2、3、4马赫时,张开耗时分别为4.7、3.7、3.1 s。结论 该空气作用张开式尾翼方案设计有效。马赫数越高,张开过程耗时越短。迎风面积显著影响尾翼张开过程。     

多纤维捕集过程中细颗粒湍流团聚模拟研究

基于随机多层纤维过滤介质算法建立了平板式三维拟态化结构.利用计算流体力学-颗粒群平衡模型（CFD-PBM）对多纤维捕集过程中细颗粒湍流团聚进行数值模拟研究,并采用分区法求解颗粒群平衡方程（PBE）.通过控制变量法分析表明：多纤维捕集过程中存在着明显的颗粒团聚行为.粉尘颗粒的团聚程度随停留时间增加而增强,当t ≥ l/v（速度方向模型尺寸长度/入口风速）,团聚逐渐趋于稳定;当v_max·t ≤ l,入口风速越大,颗粒团聚程度和团聚速率越大,最终的团聚程度取决于入口风速和停留时间;颗粒粒径越大,粉尘颗粒的团聚程度和团聚速率越小.出口颗粒平均粒径与初始粒径相比增长倍数越小.粉尘颗粒体积分数越大,颗粒团聚程度以及团聚速率越大.当v=0.1m/s,d_p=1.0μm,VF >0.003636,Bin-7~Bin-0区间数量浓度对数分布呈线性比例关系.