Explosion pressure prediction via polynomial mathematical correlation based on advanced CFD Modelling

Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD can be used as a powerful tool supporting engineers throughout the steps of the design. The combination of CFD with response surface methodology can play an important role in such cases. During the conceptual engineering design phase, a quick response is always a matter of urgency. During this phase even a sketch of the geometrical model is rare. Therefore, the utilisation of typical response surface developed for congested and confined environment rather than CFD can be an important tool to help the decision making process, when the geometrical model is not available, provided that similarities can be considered when taking into account the characteristic of the geometry in which the response surface was developed. The present work investigates how three different types of response surfaces behave when predicting overpressure in accidental scenarios based on CFD input. First order, partial second order and complete second order polynomial expressions are investigated. The predicted results are compared with CFD findings for a classical offshore experiment conducted by British Gas on behalf of Mobil and good agreement is observed for higher order response surfaces. The higher order response surface calculations are also compared with CFD calculations for a typical offshore module and good agreement is also observed.     

柴油车尾气处理液应用展望

尾气处理液是柴油车尾气处理SCR技术中所必需的还原剂。本文通过分析柴油车尾气的排放情况及SCR技术应用发展趋势,着重介绍了柴油车尾气处理液的研究现状及应用情况,总结了尾气处理液应用中存在的问题并阐明了后续的发展方向。     

除尘风机磨损的数值分析:叶型和粒度分布的影响

采用CFD技术,基于RNGk-ε紊流模型和磨损模型,研究了不同叶型除尘风机的流场和磨损率,证实了后倾型叶片比直叶片能优化流场,改善磨损,使风机使用寿命延长5倍。计算了一定粒度分布的粒子对后倾叶片中的磨损率。结果表明,颗粒粒径和数量浓度的大小是决定磨损程度的重要因素。因此去除大粒径粉尘、降低小粒径粉尘的数量浓度,是减轻叶片磨损的重要途径之一,更是除尘设备的工作方向。     

泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的试验研究与数值模拟

为了解泄爆容器中粉尘爆炸的发展过程,采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法对玉米淀粉在圆柱形容器内的泄爆过程进行研究。数值模型采用欧拉–拉格朗日方法模拟粉尘爆炸的两相流问题,通过求解非稳态的湍流两相反应流守恒方程对试验进行二维仿真。试验和模拟结果表明,点火位置对爆炸发展过程有明显影响,点火位置离泄爆口越远,容器中的最大泄爆压力Pred,max越高。在粉尘爆炸的安全防护设计中,应把点火位置作为重要影响因素之一加以考虑。     

Numerical and experimental study on flame spread over conveyor belts in a large-scale tunnel

Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to the miners. This paper presents numerical and experimental results characterizing a conveyor belt fire in a large-scale tunnel. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the flame spread over the conveyor belt in a mine entry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were conducted for the conveyor belt and results were used to estimate the kinetic properties for modeling the pyrolysis process of the conveyor belt burning. The CFD model was calibrated using results from the large-scale conveyor belt fire experiments. The comparison between simulation and test results shows that the CFD model is able to capture the major features of the flame spread over the conveyor belt. The predicted maximum heat release rate, and maximum smoke temperature are in good agreement with the large-scale tunnel fire test results. The calibrated CFD model can be used to predict the flame spread over a conveyor belt in a mine entry under different physical conditions and ventilation parameters to aid in the design of improved fire detection and suppression systems, mine rescue, and mine emergency planning.     

油田采出系统中空化防垢技术室内研究

以大庆油田采出污水为母液,配置不同硅离子浓度的采出液,考察了起始硅离子浓度不同时油田采出液中的结垢因子经过空化防垢装置处理后的变化规律。结果表明:在经过空化防垢装置处理后,Ca2+、Mg2+浓度的下降得到一定的抑制;该装置对硅垢有一定的防垢作用,特别是对中、高浓度硅体系的防垢效果明显。     

建筑物影响下大气污染物扩散数值模拟方法的比较

利用计算流体力学软件Fluent6.3.26提供的大涡模式和国标推荐的AERMOD模式分别对方形建筑物影响下的大气污染物扩散进行了模拟,通过与风洞实验结果的比较,对各模式的模拟能力进行了评价.结果表明,大涡模式对污染物散布特征的模拟与风洞实验结果基本一致,对建筑物顶部、空腔区和尾流区等区域污染物浓度分布的模拟效果均处于可接受水平;AERMOD模式模拟结果与风洞试验结果偏离较远,尤其是对空腔区污染物散布的模拟能力较差,误差较大.与大涡模式Y/H =0平面流场模拟结果对比(H为建筑物高度),AERMOD模式对风场的假设未能客观地反映建筑物附近气流变化的基本特征,是误差的主要来源之一,建议结合大涡模式订正,提高模拟结果的准确性.     

氢燃料动力船岸基式加注作业泄漏扩散模拟及影响因素分析

为保障氢燃料动力船加注作业安全,基于FLACS软件构建模拟模型,将模拟与实验结果进行对比,分析泄漏方向、大气稳定度、风速等因素对氢燃料动力船岸基式加注作业泄漏扩散的影响,并基于模拟结果划定加注作业限制区域及警戒区域。研究结果表明:FLACS模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;大气越稳定,泄漏后的氢气云越难扩散;水平方向上,氢气云扩散距离随风速的增大先小幅增加后降低;垂直方向上,较高风速对氢气云扩散存在促进作用;建议水上加氢站的控制室在原先设计的基础上向内移动5 m以上;建议取沿船长方向125 m、沿船宽方向21 m、沿垂直方向24 m为包络线,设置加注限制区域,该区域内禁止无关人员进入,并严禁任何形式的点火源。     

The diagnostic performance of cytogenetic investigation in amniotic fluid cells and chorionic villi

First-trimester chorionic villus sampling has not reached the popularity of second-trimester amniocentesis in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, in contrast to initial expectations. We investigated whether a difference inthe diagnostic performances of cytogenetic investigation in amniotic fluid (AF) cells and chorionic villi in favour of AF-cells might justify this. Diagnostic performance was measured as laboratory failure rate, karyotype quality (G-band score, rate of follow-up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses), and karyotype representativity (rate of follow-up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses). From 1993–1999, 11 883 AF-samples were investigated (AF-cells). In chorionic villi, short term culture preparations solely were karyotyped from 1993–1996 (n=3499) (STC-villi), short and long-term culture preparations simultaneously provided a sufficient amount of tissue being available from 1997 onwards (n=1829) ((STC+LTC)-villi). Laboratory failure rates were the same after amniocentesis (0.40%) and chorionic villus sampling (0.50%). G-band scores (mean±SD) were equal in AF-cells (373±38.1) and LTC-villi (364±32.6) but significantly lower in STC-villi (311±34.6) (p=0.001). Follow-up sampling rates because of quality reasons were the same in AF-cells (0.14%), STC- villi (0.13%) and (STC+LTC)-villi (0.11%). Two wrong diagnoses turned up among AF-cells. Follow-up sampling rates because of representativity reasons differed significantly between AF-cells (0.10%), (STC+LTC)-villi (1.31%), and STC-villi (1.99%) (p<0.001). However, the ratios of the total numbers of follow-up samples and uncertain or abnormal cytogenetic results in STC, and (STC+LTC)-villi at cytogenetic risks ⩾3% (0.132 and 0.160, respectively) were equal to that in AF-cells at risks <3% (0.155). Two wrong diagnoses were made in STC-villi. Diagnostic performance improved in the rank order of STC-villi, (STC+LTC)-villi and AF-cells. At cytogenetic risks ⩾3%, (STC+LTC)-villi showed a diagnostic performance equal to that in AF-cells. This might justify a selective use of chorionic villus sampling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下超临界流体与油气运移关系浅析

地球内部存在大量挥发份，它们自深层逸出过程中一般呈趋临界流体状态。由于超临界流体的特殊性质，它们的运移极有可能与地下的油气藏发生联系,甚至对油气的富集、运移与成藏的各个演化过程可能都有不可忽视的影响。