常用钻井液填加剂对钻井污水化学需氧量的影响

针对石油工业钻井污水化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）严重超标的状况,从分析测定目前油田常用的８种钻井液添加剂的ＣＯＤ入手,探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的影响。实验结果表明：８种钻井液添加剂按油田现场配比复配后,对钻井污水ＣＯＤ的影响程度各不相同,其大小依次为：柴油、ＨＰＡＮ、磺化沥青、ＰＡＮ、ＰＡＭ－１、ＦＡ－３６７、ＸＹ－２７、ＣＭＣ;钻井污水中ＣＯＤ值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的ＣＯＤ之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对ＣＯＤ的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。     

废弃泥浆无害化处理方法研究

由于钻井废弃泥浆丢弃会对环境造成严重污染,所以对废弃泥浆的无害化处理尤为重要.针对国内现有几种主要的无害化处理方法(固化处理、废弃泥浆的二次利用)进行了系统的分析研究,指出了固化处理在环境上存在的隐患,废弃泥浆的二次利用在推广上的缺陷,并在此基础上提出了土地处理法来处理废气泥浆,且简要的分析了在土地处理法的可行性以及其处理泥浆时在技术上需要注意的问题,最后得出该方法能较好的满足废弃泥浆的无害化处理;实现环境的可持续发展的要求.     

江西红山隐爆角砾岩-斑岩型铜矿床气液包体特征及成矿物理化学条件

红山铜矿为隐爆角陈岩一斑岩型铜矿床．通过对矿床包理体地球化学和成矿实验地球化学的讨地阐明矿床成矿物理化学条件。     

Prenatal diagnosis of smith–lemli–opitz syndrome is possible by measurement of 7-dehydrocholesterol in amniotic fluid

Amniocentesis was performed at 17.3 weeks in a pregnancy with severe intrauterine growth retardation. Cytogenetic studies on amniocytes were normal, 46,XX, and the pregnancy was continued. The diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome was suspected in the neonatal period and confirmed by the presence of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the plasma (0.4 mmol/l, normal = not detectable) associated with a low total cholesterol concentration (0.4 mmol/l, normal = 2.56 ± 0.23). Retrospective analysis of the amniotic fluid sample revealed an elevated level of 7-DHC (0.022 mmol/l; normal = undetectable). Therefore measurement of 7-DHC levels in amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy is useful for the prenatal diagnosis of Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome in families at risk and should be considered in cases of severe growth retardation of unknown aetiology for which amniotic fluid is available and in which a normal chromosomal pattern in amniocytes is present.     

HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS IN MATCHED SAMPLES OF AMNIOTIC FLUID,EXTRAEMBRYONIC COELOMIC FLUID,AND MATERNAL SERUM IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Separately identified samples of amniotic fluid and extraembryonic coelomic fluid obtained by high resolution transvaginal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis from 32 women between 7 and 12 weeks of pregnancy were analysed for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). There was a highly significant difference between the hCG levels in amniotic fluid (median level 6.3 U/ml; range 1.6–310.0 U/ml) and those in extraembryonic coelomic fluid (median level 400.0U/ml; range 135.0–2250.0U/ml) (p<0.001; Mann-Whitney U/–test). The levels of AFP were very similar in amniotic fluid (median 26.0 kU/ml; range 10.0–116.5 kU/ml) and extraembryonic coelomic fluid (median level 24.1 kU/ml; range 12.4–94.4 kU/ml).     

Amniotic fluid protease activity and the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis

Changes in the protease activity in amniotic fluid has been proposed as a valid method for the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis (CF). We have studied by quantitative and qualitative procedures, sixty four amniotic fluids: two of them from CF-affected fetuses. Interpretation of the benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE)-staining patterns after isoelectric focusing was often difficult, and repeated experiments gave variable results. In order to improve gel discrimination, we performed amniotic fluid electrofocusing in the presence of detergents: 0.1 per cent Triton X-100, 0.1 per cent DOC, or 0.1 per cent SDS. In these conditions, the pattern revealed by BAEE was modified, but no differences were observed between CF and normal amniotic fluids.     

Human chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis: A one step high resolution technique

A simple high resolution technique for human chromosomes is described for fibroblasts obtained from amniotic fluid cell cultures. The application and clinical significance of this technique in prenatal diagnosis is discussed.     

Enhancement of amniocyte growth on a precoated surface

This study investigates whether cell-free amniotic fluid facilitates cell attachment to the surface of culture plates and thereby promotes rapid amniocyte growth. Isolated or pooled cell-free amniotic fluid samples at different volumes were added to culture plates. Trypsinized subcultures, grown in Eagle's minimum essential alpha medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (4–20 per cent), were monitored by cell counts. The results demonstrated growth stimulation on culture plates precoated with amniotic fluid. The minimal time for coating the culture plates was 6h. Maximal coating was observed after an overnight incubation with 2–3 ml of the fluid per culture vessel. No synergistic effect from addition of fetal bovine serum to amniotic fluid was observed. A freshly coated surface provided the best amniocyte growth. When primary cultures are grown on a precoated surface, there is an increase in colony counts in 80 per cent of the samples tested. This method may be used to improve amniocyte growth, especially in samples with relatively small numbers of cells.     

The characterization of hCG regulation in cultured human amniotic fluid cells

The media from primary cultures and subcultures of second trimester human amniotic fluid (AF) cells were assayed by radioimmunoassay to quantitate production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Primary AF cultures produce more hCG per cell than do the corresponding subcultures. Sodium butyrate (2 mM) stimulates AF subcultures to produce 5-13 times more hCG per cell or per mg of cellular protein than do untreated subcultures. This stimulatory effect of sodium butyrate is dose dependent between 0 and 5 mM. Addition of sodium butyrate 24 hours after subculture, while stimulating production of hCG during the subsequent 3 days, also results in fewer cells and less protein per culture. This effect on cell growth is also dose-dependent. Previous investigators have proposed that the stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate in other types of cell cultures is due to an effect of that agent on culture growth. Therefore, in these studies AF cells are allowed to grow to confluency before sodium butyrate was added. Production of hCG was stimulated by sodium butyrate about four-fold during the next 5 days although no significant changes were observed either in number of cells or amount of cellular protein per culture. These results suggest that stimulation of hCG by sodium butyrate is not dependent on its effect on growth of the cultures.     

Prenatal diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders by quantitation of characteristic metabolites in amniotic fluid: Facts and future

An attempt is made to summarize as completely as possible what is known about the prenatal diagnosis of amino– and organic acidurias by direct measurement of characteristic metabolites in amniotic fluid, and to indicate which disorders can potentially be diagnosed prenatally by direct quantitation of metabolites. Furthermore, the disorders are mentioned in which the prenatal diagnosis was proven to be unsuccessful by this approach. The prenatal diagnoses of a case of propionic acidemia and a case of tyrosinemia type I in the 11th and 12th week of gestational age, respectively, are reported and the prospects of performing amniocentesis in the first trimester for prenatal diagnosis are discussed.