DYNAMIC FLUID LOSS DURING VISCOUS FLOW THROUGH A POROUS VERTICAL SLOT1

ABSTRACT. An experimental study of two-dimensional viscous flow through a vertical slot with one highly resistant porous wall was made. The fluid loss area of the porous wall was divided into five sections. The fluid loss rate for the various subareas was measured as a function of the bulk flow rate through the slot and the viscosity of the fluid. Static flow tests through the porous media were also conducted for each fluid viscosity. The results indicate that the experimental data can be correlated in terms of the difference between the static flow rate and the dynamic fluid loss rate as a function of the bulk Reynold's number and the bulk flow rate. Stream function profiles were determined for each experimental run to visualize flow through the length of the slot. An empirical correlation was developed between the superficial entrance width, δ, and the ratio of bulk Reynold's number to the Reynold's number based on flow through the porous wall.     

压裂返排液的超声强化臭氧氧化处理

采用超声强化臭氧氧化技术处理经絮凝、沉降脱固、过滤预处理的页岩气压裂返排液,通过实验室实验优化工艺参数,并在自行研制的超声强化臭氧氧化装置上进行了中试验证。实验结果表明,在反应时间为30min、废水pH为10、废水臭氧质量浓度为40 mg/L、超声波功率为200 W时,COD去除率可达55.2%,处理后水质可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准的要求。中试试验结果表明,研制的臭氧超声氧化处理装置可形成臭氧氧化、超声空化、水力空化的协同作用,处理后出水COD为90 mg/L,具有一定的推广价值。     

钻井废弃泥浆用于沙漠改良的可行性研究

苏里格气田地处毛乌素沙漠,气候干旱,地表为荒漠或半荒漠草地。气田开发产生的钻井废弃泥浆具有高含水、有机质和粘粒的特点,可用来改良沙漠;利用具有肥效特征的处理剂处理废弃泥浆并用来改良沙漠,使土壤的理化性质大大改善,土壤有机质含量提高,植物株高、株重增加;土壤微生物的数量也大幅增加,有利于土壤生态系统的建立并形成良性循环。     

超临界流体剥离制备石墨烯研究进展

综述了石墨烯的制备方法及其优缺点,详细介绍了超临界流体剥离制备石墨烯的原理、研究进展,重点讨论了超临界二氧化碳剥离制备石墨烯法的特点,并对发展方向进行了展望。超临界流体剥离制备石墨烯法设备简单、条件易达到,为大规模高效生产高质量的石墨烯提供了新的思路。     

A preliminary explore to the forced ventilation on the toxic gas release/dispersion and the hazard mitigation within a petrochemical plant

More than thirty-five years ago, the Bhopal disaster shook the whole world and investigators found out that many people survived just because they turned on the fans in their bedrooms. It was postulated that the forced ventilation played an important role in diluting the toxic gas and saved these people. In order to provide evidence to solve this old mystery, this research employed FLACS software to assess the hazardous degree of a toxic gas (hydrogen sulfide) leakage within a petrochemical process. Series of gas dispersion simulations were performed to actualize the hazardous characteristics and the corresponding risks of the release accident. The study shows that the hazardous level and the hazard range can be greatly influenced when parameters, such as the gas leakage circumstances (atmospheric conditions and wind speed) and the mitigation measures (direction of fans and their speed) are altered.By using explosion-proof fans in different positions and ventilation directions, combined with the natural wind in a certain direction, this research attempts to detect the best combination from various mitigation designs and to compare the influence of fan directions on hazard mitigation. It is also the first time of its kind to simulate the effect of forced ventilation on hazard mitigation within a process plant. The results show that the hazardous level of a toxic release can be effectively alleviated, when the direction of the mechanical ventilation is against the natural wind direction. With the help of the CFD simulation and the quantitative risk analysis technique, different loss prevention strategies can be tested via this method in order to establish a safer working environment.     

盘锦市钻井废弃泥浆的污染现状及潜在的危害初探

通过对辽河油田产生泥浆的12家单位的无害化处理的钻井泥浆进行了采样,完成了泥浆样品的各项检验指标的分析测试,对数据进行了统计分析,掌握了废弃钻井泥浆的污染现状和污染特征。并对废弃泥浆进行了进一步的分析,探讨其潜在的危害,提出钻井泥浆防治措施。     

山东沂南金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

本文从流体包裹体出发,讨论了沂南金矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿机制。各成矿阶段的矽卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明,包裹体主要类型有气液水包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和晶质熔体包裹体,其中熔体包裹体在较早期的石榴石、绿帘石和石英中发育。Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段的成矿流体具有高温和高盐度的特征,均一温度分别为430~520℃、340~430℃,盐度分别为56.7 wt%NaCl2、2.2~53.5 wt%NaCl,代表铁矿化时的流体特征;Ⅲ成矿阶段流体具有中低温(190~250℃)、盐度范围变化较大(6.45~53.5 wt%NaCl)的特征,代表了Cu,Au矿化时的流体活动情况;Ⅳ成矿阶段包裹体均一温度100~190℃,盐度为2.07~15.76 wt%NaCl。根据不同类型包裹体共生组合及流体演化特征,认为流体的不混溶性是导致大量金属沉淀的主要原因,岩浆热液在成矿流体中占主导地位。     

超临界干燥制备TiO_2/蒙脱土光催化剂及性能研究

文章采用溶胶凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级TiO2/蒙脱土光催化剂,以苯酚光催化降解为反应模型,探讨了煅烧温度、不同用量的蒙脱土对光催化活性的影响。研究结果表明,煅烧温度为600℃,蒙脱土为44.1%时制的TiO2/蒙脱土光催化剂的光催化性能最好。并用XRD、TEM等手段进行了表征。TiO2以锐钛矿型形式存在。由超临界干燥法制备的光催化剂具有粒径小,比表面积大,光催化活性高等特点。     

钻井废液对环境影响分析

钻井废液(泥浆)是一种多相稳定胶态悬浮体系,含有多种无机盐、有机处理剂、聚合物、表面活性剂等物质,其中所含油类、盐类、钻井液添加剂以及一些可溶性的重金属离子污染土壤、水体,影响动植物生长,危害人类健康.     

混凝中流体力化学致因分析

在混凝的基础上,阐述了流体动力因素,结合流体力化学基本原理,对流场分布、涡漩剪切碰撞频率、涡漩惯性离心碰撞频率、二次流流场下的颗粒碰撞频率进行理论分析,提出了流体剪切力的大小、剪切时间及流体力“化学反应”是混凝剂与胶体颗粒的作用、颗粒（絮体）的接触碰撞等一系列的物理化学反应,从而使最终的混凝效果达到最优状态．参10．