含油污水、钻井液废水、废弃钻井液的致突变性研究

通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌致突变试验（ＡＭＥＳ）对江苏油田含油污水、钻井液废水、废弃钻井液的致突变性进行了研究。结果表明：在本次检测条件下，以四氢呋喃做溶剂，江苏油田含油污水、钻井液废水及废弃钻井液均具有直接及间接碱基置换致突变性。     

废弃钻井液的治理与利用

石油勘探开发过程中产生的废弃钻井液中含有的地层钻屑、钻井液处理剂等有害物质，若直接排放将对环境与生态造成极大的危害，其治理与利用是当前急需解决的研究课题。从１９９１年开始，在室内反复模拟实验研究的基础上，经过井场应用实践，研制成功了将废弃钻井液转化成水泥浆的固化技术。     

合理控制钻井废水回用率以减轻环境污染

不合理地片面强调钻井废水的回用，是造成废水处理质量不高的重要原因之一。现在根据钻井生产的特点，分析讨论了钻井废水回用率合理控制的必要性，同时提出分阶段控制回用率的方法。现场实践证明，在这个方法实施的基础上，再加上一些有效的辅助措施，能有效地提高钻井废水达标率并减轻其对环境的污染。     

成矿流体活动的地温信息及地球物理示踪

本文对流体活动与地温结构的相互作用关系流体活动的热效应、地温异常导致的地球化学效应、流体活动 -地热传输的耦合过程及其模拟进行了研究。初步建立了识别流体活动热效应的地球物理及地球化学标志 ,指出通过热史模拟、流体史模拟、热-质迁移模拟及地球物理等方法识别这些标志可以进行流体活动的示踪。     

Validation of geometry modelling approaches for offshore gas dispersion simulations

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes are widely used for gas dispersion studies on offshore installations. The majority of these codes use single-block Cartesian grids with the porosity/distributed-resistance (PDR) approach to model small geometric details. Computational cost of this approach is low since small-scale obstacles are not resolved on the computational mesh. However, there are some uncertainties regarding this approach, especially in terms of grid dependency and turbulence generated from complex objects. An alternative approach, which can be implemented in general-purpose CFD codes, is to use body-fitted grids for medium to large-scale objects whilst combining multiple small-scale obstacles in close proximity and using porous media models to represent blockage effects. This approach is validated in this study, by comparing numerical predictions with large-scale gas dispersion experiments carried out in DNV GL's Spadeadam test site. Gas concentrations and gas cloud volumes obtained from simulations are compared with measurements. These simulations are performed using the commercially available ANSYS CFX, which is a general-purpose CFD code. For comparison, further simulations are performed using CFX where small-scale objects are explicitly resolved. The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of these different geometry modelling approaches.     

Evaluation of amniotic fluid cell filtration: An experimental approach to early amniocentesis

Prior to a prospective application of amniotic fluid (AF) cell filtration to early amniocentesis, we tested the technique on a surplus from mid-trimester samples. By using the same sample size of 5 ml in experiments with a filter and in routine diagnostic procedures (control), we evaluated an optimal filter system. The prolonged culture time of filtered cells and the reduced number of clones are most probably due to mechanical stress (filtration pressure), whereas loss of the cells by adhesion to the filter system, and an AF-free culture medium (growth factors) are suggested to be less important. The AF cells are very sensitive to mechanical stress. Slow filtration (⩽3 ml AF/min) through filters with a high porosity and the largest possible pore size should be preferred. A mixed cellulose ester filter membrane with a pore size of 5·0 μm proved to be the most efficient, allowing harvest of the filtered cells after only a slight prolongation of the culture time (+2·4 days) compared with unfiltered aliquots. A filter set with a bypass connected by three-way taps allows cell filtration during either aspiration or reinjection of the AF. Cell filtration after amniocentesis and consecutive reverse flushing of the membrane with the appropriate amount of culture medium proved to be the best with regard to easy handling and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination.     

负载CuO/MnO海泡石中性条件催化H_2O_2处理铝材切削液废水

以改性海泡石为载体,采用浸渍-共沉淀法负载Cu0、MnO制备了中性条件下催化H_2O_2氧化催化剂(简称中性催化剂)。以铝材切削液废水为处理对象,研究了催化剂在中性条件下的催化性能,通过投加不同浓度的羟基自由基捕捉剂叔丁醇,对反应机理进行了探讨,同时研究了过氧化氢用量、催化剂用量等因素对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在中性条件下,催化剂对铝材切削液废水具有较高的COD去除率,当过氧化氢用量为1.25 mol/L,催化剂用量为25 g/L,室温条件反应120 min时,COD去除率达到88%;经该方法处理后,废水ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)由处理前的0.09提升到处理后的0.36,可生化性得到了明显提高。