Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids (PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m³/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids(PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥ 40 m3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments.Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

废钻井液絮凝处理过程中电毛细吸水时间研究

针对采用z电位研究废弃钻井液,特别是固相含量高的体系(废钻井液)中颗粒表面电化学性质存在测定ζ电位困难的问题,试验研究了表征泥浆絮凝处理脱稳后过滤特性及渗水能力的电毛细吸水时间(CST)值的特性,CST值的大小能直观地反映脱稳情况进而确定絮凝剂的絮凝性能。CST越小,说明了絮凝的效果越好,过滤特性越好,易于脱水;通过CST—絮凝剂浓度曲线可筛选最佳絮凝剂及其浓度。本研究对处理废钻井液具有理论和实践指导意义。     

利用发光海藻快速检测钻井液毒性

借助一种发光海藻Pyrocystislunula可以快速、准确地对钻井液毒性进行检测和评价，利用此原理设计的便携式毒性测试仪已经问世。文章介绍该方法的检测原理和步骤，并对该领域最新的研究成果及发展趋势进行了概述与讨论。     

土壤中结合态苯氧羧酸类除草剂的测定

利用超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取的方法提取２甲４氯(ＭＣＰＡ),２,４－Ｄ和除草醚在三种土壤中的结合残留．结果表明,在培养２００ｄ的时间内,ＭＣＰＡ的结合残留量为１．０ｌ－５．１２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总量的２．０－１０．１%;２,４－Ｄ的结合残留量为０．２４－２．６５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总量的０．５－５．３%;除草醚的结合残留量为６．５３－１９．３０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,占添加总邑的１２．９—３８．２%．农药结合态与游离态含量的比值随时间的延长而增加．     

污泥流变学及其厌氧消化混合特性数值模拟研究进展

污泥作为一种非牛顿流体,其流变特性对厌氧消化过程中的传质、传热、搅拌和物料输送等有着重要影响。系统阐述了污泥流变学属性,如流变特性的影响因素、流变模型以及其测试方法。由于污泥在厌氧消化反应器中流场的复杂性及其本身的不透明性,难以对其流场进行高效的实验测试,利用计算流体力学(CFD)技术结合流变学参数对流场进行数值模拟是一种有效工具。因此,综合分析了CFD技术在污泥厌氧消化过程中的研究现状及其搅拌混合过程中旋转桨叶处理方法的选择,并对污泥厌氧消化过程中进行数值模拟存在问题及进一步研究方向进行了展望。随着深入研究,以污泥流变学、计算流体力学为基础结合污泥厌氧消化生化反应过程联合数值模拟研究,将会为控制污泥的厌氧消化工艺提供更加全面和重要的技术措施。     

白铜B10和B30冲刷腐蚀对比研究

分别在3.5%NaCl水溶液、5%石英砂+自来水以及3.5%NaCl+5%石英砂3种介质中对白铜B10和B30进行冲刷腐蚀试验,用电化学方法和失重法评价了2种材料的冲刷腐蚀性能。结果表明,B30的耐腐蚀和耐冲刷性能均优于B10,冲刷试验中B10和B30在含砂介质中的失重远大于在纯液相中的失重。2者在纯液相中的冲刷性能良好,但对含砂介质的冲刷非常敏感。     

海上油田废弃钻井液的毒性评价及无害化处理技术研究进展

作为海上油田开发过程中产生的一种主要污染物,废弃钻井液成分复杂,并含有多种有毒有害物质,实现其无害化处理对保护海洋生态环境健康具有重要意义。本文在分析海上废弃钻井液化学组分及其危害的基础上,综述了国内外在废弃钻井液生物毒性评价及其无害化处理方面的研究进展,并指出针对海洋生态系统建立快速灵敏的多生物能级的钻井液毒性评价方法、开发低毒无害的钻井液体系、提高钻井液循环利用率是今后研究中应重点关注的方向。     

泾阳、临猗地震的地下流体异常特征

总结了１９９８ 年泾阳Ｍｓ４．８ 及临猗Ｍｓ ４．６ 级地震的地下流体异常特征, 结果表明： 异常点数量有随震中距的增大而减少的趋势, 同时又受构造条件的制约; 异常时间以短临为主, 短期异常主要集中在震前３ 个月左右, 临震异常出现在震前１０ ｄ 左右; 异常幅度与地震三要素关系不明显。     

萃取技术在环境样品预处理中的应用及发展

对萃取技术包括传统技术以及新近发展起来的如固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取等技术在环境样品预处理方面的运用进行综述,分析各自的优缺点以及发展前景.