三维电解法深度处理电解锰废水技术研究

实验研究了模拟含锰废水在三维电解槽中的电化学氧化过程.考察了电解时间、电解电压及锰废水初始浓度对锰去除效果的影响,并确定适宜的反应条件.实验表明,在填充活性炭与树脂的条件下,在低电压短时间内,充分提高填充粒子的利用率,达到较好的锰离子去除效果.     

焦化厂废水中氨的测定——气敏电极法

研究了用气敏电极测定焦化厂废水中氨的分析方法，对测定的线性范围，响应时间、回收率、干扰物质等作了理论探讨和大量试验。在ｐＨ为１１５～１４０时，线性范围为１００×１０－５～１００×１０－１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，最低检出限为５０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＲＳＤ≤２５％。     

长芒刺电除尘器性能研究

提出一种新型长芒刺电除尘器,理论与实验研究结果表明,长芒刺电除尘器的场强、伏安特性和除尘效率等性能均高于普通线板式电除尘器。     

纳米TiO_2-CS微球光催化降解亚甲基兰的研究

将用化学方法改性后的纳米TiO2与壳聚糖(CS)共混,通过反相悬浮、交联制备了纳米TiO2-CS微球光催化剂,以亚甲基兰为对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了亚甲基兰的初始浓度、光照时间、不同pH值、纳米TiO2的含量、催化剂用量对亚甲基兰光降解率的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2-CS微球能显著地降解亚甲基兰,且易于回收、能重复使用,为其实际应用提供了有价值的参数。     

饮用水反硝化脱氮方法研究

为去除饮用水中的硝酸盐氮(NO3ˉ-N)，采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器和固定化微生物进行异养反硝化；自制固定化反硝化菌涂层电极和生物电化学脱氮装置，并用于自养反硝化。试验结果表明。若以甲醇为碳源。当碳氮比(C／N)≥1．o时，室温下经UASB处理4h，NO3ˉ-N去除率为97．7％；若以乙酸为碳源。当C／N≥1．0时，30C下经固定化微生物处理6h，N03ˉ-N去除率为98．6％；在无外加碳源的条件下处理东湖现场水样，30C下经60h后。N03ˉ-N去除率达93．5％。生物电化学脱氮装置可迅速建立自养反硝化菌所需的厌氧环境，水样在室温下经72h处理，脱氮率达96．3％。     

石油开发废水中氯化物的测定──氯离子选择电极法

用氯离子选择电极法测定油田废水中氯化物是一种新方法。通过电极响应平衡速度试验、干扰消除试验、方法适应性试验等，探讨了温度对能斯特斜率的影响；ＰＨ对测定值的影响；总离子强度调节缓冲溶液（ＴＩＳＡＢ）的选择。本方法分析速度快，测定浓度范围宽，操作简便，成本低，值得推广。     

溶出伏安法中电极的操作技术

电极性能的优劣是完成溶出伏安分析的关键,本文就三电极体系中电极的选择、处理、安装、使用、维护方法等方面作了较详细的说明和探讨,提高了方法的精密度和准确度,使溶出伏安法在海水分析中得到更好的应用.     

Effect of oxide nanoparticles on the morphology and fluidity of phospholipid membranes and the role of hydrogen bonds

Engineered oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in insulators, catalyzers, paints, cosmetic products, textiles and semiconductors. Their attachment on cell membrane may lead to cytotoxicity. The effects of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂ and ZnO NPs on membrane integrity and fluidity were studied using giant or small unilamellar vesicles in this study. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs disrupted the oppositely charged membrane, indicating the important role of electrostatic attraction. However, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZnO NPs did not cause serious membrane disruption as Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs. Membrane fluidity was evaluated by the generalized polarity (GP) values of Laurdan fluorescent emission. SiO₂ NPs induce the membrane gelation of both positively and negatively charged membrane. Al₂O₃ and ZnO NPs induced the gelation of the oppositely charged membrane, but did not cause obvious membrane gelation to the like charged membrane. The phospholipid molecular structural changes after NP exposure were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra revealed the hydrogen bond formation between NPs and the carbonyl/phosphate groups of phospholipids. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs showed strongest evidence of hydrogen bonding on their FT-IR spectra. It was consistent with the microscopic observation and fluorescent data that Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs caused more serious membrane disruption and gelation. This study on membrane damage provides further knowledge on the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and the safety of NP application.     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

不同pH下纳米铁镍颗粒对生物降解苯酚的影响

研究不同pH(8.0、6.0和3.0)下金属纳米颗粒(Fe和Fe/Ni)对纺锤芽孢杆菌(BFN)降解苯酚的影响.实验结果发现pH在8.0和6.0时投加2种金属纳米颗粒(Fe和Fe/Ni)对BFN降解苯酚有促进作用,其原因主要是纳米颗粒在水中持续腐蚀产生H2,为BFN降解苯酚提供电子,促进BFN的生长.但在pH=3.0时,只有BFN-纳米Fe耦合体系才使苯酚得到部分降解,主要是因为纳米Fe颗粒与水反应产生OH-,使pH值有所升高,更适宜BFN的生长,同时提供电子供体H2促进BFN对苯酚的利用.扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)数据证实金属纳米颗粒(Fe和Fe/Ni)在反应后附着在微生物表面,但微生物的表面形态并未发生显著改变.因此,纳米金属颗粒虽然通过附着影响微生物的活性,但其在腐蚀过程中产生的H2将作为电子供体而被BFN所利用,综合作用的结果是有利于BFN的生长进而提高苯酚的降解速率.