钛基金属氧化物电极的制备及性能

采用聚合物前驱体法制备了Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃电极,再通过恒电流电沉积法制备了 Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/PbO₂和Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/MnO₂电极。采用SEM技术对3种金属氧化物电极表面的形貌进行了表征,并分别以3种电极为阳极进行了苯酚的电催化氧化实验。实验结果表明：电解时间为2.5 h时,Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃电极、Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/PbO₂电极和Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/MnO₂电极对苯酚的降解率分别为85.9%,83.2%,44.6%;苯酚在3种电极上的电催化氧化反应均遵循一级反应动力学方程;苯酚在Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃ 电极和Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/PbO₂电极上的反应速率较快,并具有较高的析氧电位;Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/PbO₂电极具有更好的耐腐蚀性和更长的使用寿命。     

新型二氧化铅电极处理染料废水

利用高压塑片法制备掺杂镧和活性炭以及聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的新型二氧化铅电极,采用X衍射(XRD),循环伏安曲线(CV),扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对电极性能进行表征,研究了其电催化处理有机染料废水(亚甲基蓝)的降解效果,并对反应机理进行了相关研究。研究表明,该电极具有良好的抗腐蚀能力,对亚甲基蓝具有较好的降解效果。通过与普通二氧化铅电极比较,该电极在染料脱色和去除COD方面都有较明显优势,显示出较好的工业应用前景。     

石墨气体扩散电极的制备与性能优化

电极的制备工艺及参数直接影响电极材料的活性。主要考察了C/PTFE质量比、碾压压力、煅烧温度、造孔剂NH4HCO3及稀土掺杂等因素对电极产出H2O2的影响规律。研究结果表明,电极最佳制备条件为:石墨和PTFE质量比为2∶1、石墨、造孔剂和稀土元素质量比为6∶1∶1、碾压压力10 MPa、煅烧温度330℃。在pH=3、电解质Na2SO4浓度为0.05mol/L条件下,电解2 h后,改性电极产生的H2O2从95 mg/L提高到350 mg/L,提高了268.4%。     

Remediation of alachlor and atrazine contaminated water with zero-valent iron nanoparticles

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, diameter < 90 nm, specific surface area = 25 m² g^?1) have been used under anoxic conditions for the remediation of pesticides alachlor and atrazine in water. While alachlor (10, 20, 40 mg L^?1) was reduced by 92–96% within 72 h, no degradation of atrazine was observed. The alachlor degradation reaction was found to obey first-order kinetics very closely. The reaction rate (35.5 × 10^?3–43.0 × 10^?3 h^?1) increased with increasing alachlor concentration. The results are in conformity with other researchers who worked on these pesticides but mostly with micro ZVI and iron filings. This is for the first time that alachlor has been degraded under reductive environment using nZVI. The authors contend that nZVI may prove to be a simple method for on-site treatment of high concentration pesticide rinse water (100 mg L^?1) and for use in flooring materials in pesticide filling and storage stations.     

Electrochemical study of the fungicide acibenzolar-s-methyl and its voltammetric determination in environmental samples

The electrochemical behavior of new generation fungicide acibenzolar-s-methyl (S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate, ASM) on the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was investigated using square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. This method of determination is based on the irreversible reduction of ASM at the HMDE. The well-defined ASM peak was observed at ?0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in BR buffer at pH 2.2. The reduction peak current was proportional to concentration of ASM from 1.0 × 10^?8 to 6.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 with detection and quantification limit 3.0 × 10^?9 and 1.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1, respectively. The applicability of the developed method for analysis of spiked samples of tap water, river water, and soil is illustrated. The effect of adsorption on the mercury electrode was studied in detail using the AC impedance method. Possible interferences with other common pesticides and heavy metal ions were examined. Clarification of the electrode mechanism was made using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.     

Novel application of the CORAL software to model cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli

Convenient to apply and available on the Internet software CORAL (http://www.insilico.eu/CORAL) has been used to build up quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for prediction of cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli (minus logarithm of concentration for 50% effect pEC50). In this study six random splits of the data into the training and test set were examined. It has been shown that the CORAL provides a reliable tool that could be used to build up a QSAR of the pEC50.     

旋转电极式电除尘器技术研究

简要阐述了旋转电极式电除尘器的原理、结构、应用及特点,并总结出其除尘效率计算公式。研究结果表明：该技术能最大限度的减少二次扬尘,显著降低电除尘器出口排放浓度,对高比电阻粉尘有很好的收尘效果。与其他除尘器比较,旋转电极式电除尘器节省场地、空间和能源,性价比高,具有较广阔的应用前景。     

接地极的土壤腐蚀

接地极是接地装置的主要组成部分,接地极埋设在土壤中,用于泄流,保障电网和电气设备的安全运行。近年来,接地极的腐蚀损坏造成的事故屡有发生,接地极的土壤腐蚀引起了普遍的重视,防止接地极腐蚀已成为一个重要的研究课题。本文介绍了目前我国电网和电气设备接地极的选材,接地极土壤腐蚀的特点,并对接地极防腐蚀方法做了简单总结。     

ACF电极电解处理含NaCl结晶紫染料废水的研究

以吸附结晶紫达到饱和的活性炭纤维为阳极,在NaCl介质中对初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水进行了电解脱色处理。实验考察了NaCl浓度、pH值和电流密度等对溶液脱色率的影响,测定了电解时溶液中生成的游离氯浓度及不同电解时间后溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱曲线,并对不同电解时间后溶液的归一化吸光度比值进行了计算。结果发现,溶液中所产生的游离氯的浓度随电解时间的增加快速上升,20 min时就几乎达到了最大值;在活性氯的作用下,结晶紫分子中的大π共轭体系被破坏,溶液迅速脱色;电解液中所含的NaCl浓度、电解液的pH值和电流密度等都对脱色率有影响;在一定实验条件下,初始浓度为100 mg/L的结晶紫染料废水在电解60 min后脱色率可高达99.3%。     

Converging hazard assessment of gold nanoparticles to aquatic organisms

The gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are being increasingly used because of their huge diversity of applications, and consequently, elevated levels in the environment are expected. However, due to their physico-chemical properties and functionalization a high variety of Au-NPs can be found, and complete toxicological information for each type of Au-NPs still lacks, and even, the toxicological information for the same species is sometimes contradictory. Therefore, hazard assessment should be done case by case. Hence, the objective of this study was to obtain ecotoxicological information of the same Au-NPs in aquatic organisms and to find a rationale for Au-NPs toxicity. For such a purpose, bare and hyaluronic acid capped Au-NPs (12.5 nm) along with Au-NPs bulk material were tested on freshwater algae, Daphnia and zebrafish. Results showed that while gold nanoparticles were found to be harmless to the tested organisms, the soluble gold showed to be toxic to algae and Daphnia, with an LC₅₀ between 1 and 2 mg L⁻¹. Comparing our results with those gathered in the literature, it appears that a common hazard assessment of Au-NPs on the studied organisms can be elucidated.