Ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim in water and orange juice using a carbon paste electrode

A carbon paste electrode was used for the electrochemical quantification of carbendazim in water and orange juice samples. Carbendazim oxidation on the electrode surface was found to be controlled by adsorption. The novel electrochemical procedure for carbendazim quantification employed differential pulse voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode under optimal conditions. Carbendazim oxidation currents were linear at concentrations of 2.84 to 45.44 µg L^?1, with a limit of detection of 0.96 µg L^?1. The proposed method was applied to carbendazim quantification in ultrapurified water, river water, and orange juice. Recovery rates in water and orange juice samples were in the 97%–101% range, indicating that the method can be employed to determine carbendazim in these matrices, with advantages including shorter analysis time and lower cost than routine methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The electrode showed good reproducibility, remarkable stability, and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing. The recovery rates observed were highly concordant with those obtained for high-performance liquid chromatography, having a relative standard deviation of less than 1.3%.     

碳纳米管电极原位产生过氧化氢及其对亚甲基蓝脱色效果

将碳纳米管固定化制成多孔疏水性导电薄膜构建电化学阴极还原体系,实现过氧化氢在阴极的原位产生。电极特性研究表明,电极在较宽的电压范围内均具有较好的活性。考察了阴极电位、电极成分、氧气流量和电解质浓度对过氧化氢原位产生的影响,在优化条件下经过120min后过氧化氢达到66．17mg／L,并探讨过氧化氢原位产生的机理。在此基础上考察原位过氧化氢氧化工艺下对亚甲基蓝的脱色效果,并分析其脱色机理。     

铝铁电极联用电絮凝法处理Cu-EDTA络合废水

采用电絮凝法处理Cu-EDTA模拟废水,研究电极组合方式、初始pH值和氯化钠浓度3个因素对化学需氧量(COD)和Cu去除效果的影响。实验研究发现,当电极组合方式为2个铝阳极和2个铁阴极,起始pH值为3,氯化钠浓度为0.5 g/L,换极周期为40 min,反应时间为80 min时,COD去除率达到78.7%,Cu离子去除率达到99.9%。通过实验研究确定EDTA的去除机制主要是:酸性条件下的次氯酸氧化作用,碱性条件下的氢氧化物絮凝沉淀作用及单核态铝/铁与多核态铝/铁电荷中和作用,Cu的去除机制主要是氢氧化物的絮凝沉淀作用和铁电极的电沉积作用。     

负载Ni炭气凝胶粒子电极电催化氧化处理甲基橙废水的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备负载Ni炭气凝胶,将炭气凝胶作为三维电极电化学反应装置的粒子电极处理模拟甲基橙废水,研究了电解时间、电压、粒子电极质量和粒子电极种类等各种因素对甲基橙降解效果的影响,确定了最佳处理条件.研究表明,在炭气凝胶中负载金属Ni可提高其孔容及比表面积,同时增强对甲基橙废水的电催化氧化能力.在最优操作条件下,废...     

三维电极的制备及活性艳蓝的降解

以不锈钢基PbO2电极为阳极、同等材质的不锈钢板为阴极,在两电极之间以高炉炼钢废渣为填充粒子,自制改进三维电极反应器.通过自制的三维电极反应器,采用电催化氧化法降解活性艳蓝染料.实验结果表明,在废渣加入量为20 g/L、电极间距为10 mm、槽电压为8V的条件下,处理500 mL质量浓度为30 mg/L的活性艳蓝溶液,...     

用碳纳米管-纳米TiO2/Nafion修饰电极测定对苯二酚

利用Nation(商品名,杜邦公司生产的一种聚四氟乙烯阳离子交换膜)的成膜作用,将纳米TiO2和碳纳米管同时负载到玻碳电极表面,制得碳纳米管-纳米TiO2/Nafion修饰电极,研究了对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的循环伏安电化学行为.实验结果表明:与玻碳电极相比,该修饰电极在对苯二酚的0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液体系中...     

Adverse effects of fullerenes (nC60) spiked to sediments on Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta)

Effects of fullerene-spiked sediment on a benthic organism, Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta), were investigated. Survival, growth, reproduction, and feeding rates were measured to assess possible adverse effects of fullerene agglomerates produced by water stirring and then spiked to a natural sediment. L. variegatus were exposed to 10 and 50 mg fullerenes/kg sediment dry mass for 28 d. These concentrations did not impact worm survival or reproduction compared to the control. Feeding activities were slightly decreased for both concentrations indicating fullerenes’ disruptive effect on feeding. Depuration efficiency decreased in the high concentration only. Electron and light microscopy and extraction of the worm fecal pellets revealed fullerene agglomerates in the gut tract but not absorption into gut epithelial cells. Micrographs also indicated that 16% of the epidermal cuticle fibers of the worms were not present in the 50 mg/kg exposures, which may make worms susceptible to other contaminants.     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解橡椀栲胶的研究

以Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2 薄膜,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了纳米TiO2薄膜的形貌,X-射线衍射(XRD)考察相同条件下粉体的相结构.研究水中橡椀栲胶的光催化降解行为.结果表明,橡椀栲胶的降解可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程来描述,即浓度较高时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合零级动力学方程;浓度较低时,栲胶降解液的光催化降解符合一级动力学方程.外加H2O2对橡椀栲胶的光催化降解有极大的促进作用,但这种促进作用会因为光生电子效率的影响而有一个极限值.在远离橡椀栲胶溶液等电点的起始pH值条件下光催化降解效果较好,且在碱性条件下的降解速率高于酸性条件下的降解速率.     

实海环境下钢壳混凝土结构局部电位监测与参比电极稳定性研究

目的 确定高纯锌、钛以及铂等3种参比电极在不同工况下的稳定性差异,以及不同参比电极针对沉管的最佳使用位置。方法 以银/氯化银参比电极的监测电位数据为钢壳的实际电位基准,通过在不同区域设计安装电位传感器,持续监测沉管不同区域的钢壳电位,以及9个多月的波动情况。结果 高纯锌参比电极所监测数据的变化趋势与钢壳实际电位数据接近,且环境介质的改变对其监测电位数值的影响不大,电位数据波动小。铂和钛参比电极在钢壳底面海泥/抛石耦合的服役环境下,其监测电位数据稳定,但是二者在海水中监测电位时,对环境介质中的溶解氧浓度、金属离子等氧化性介质较为敏感,极易受到氧化性介质的影响,导致测得的电位偏移剧烈。结论 高纯锌参比电极更适合应用于沉管侧面阴极保护电位的长期监测,铂和钛参比电极更适用于钢壳底部保护电位的长期测量。     

电凝聚法对活性红241染料废水脱色实验的研究

通过实验研究了铁阳极电凝聚法对活性红241废水的脱色处理效果,考察了电流密度、染料溶液初始pH值、电介质浓度及种类、温度、染料浓度对染料脱色效率的影响,结果表明:在一定实验条件下活性红241模拟废水的脱色效率达97%;电流强度、染料浓度、电解液初始pH值、电解液温度、电解质的浓度及种类对脱色效率均有不同程度的影响;以铁为阳极的原位电凝聚处理活性红241模拟废水混凝过程中主要作用机理以吸附电性中和为主;电凝聚过程中活性红241发生了阴极还原反应.