西电东送火电规划对北京空气质量的影响

采用ATMOS长距离传输模型,预测了"西电东送"北通道火电规划空气污染物排放对北京市空气质量的影响.预测结果表明:"十五"期间,电厂源对北京市SO2年均质量浓度的贡献将减少0.26 μg/m3,细颗粒物年均质量浓度将增加1.45 μg/m3;"十一五"期间,SO2年均质量浓度将增加0.47 μg/m3,细颗粒物年均质量浓度将增加0.94 μg/m3;细颗粒物的影响以次生粒子为主.      

预混喷雾增效细颗粒去除的电除尘实验研究

为提高电场对细颗粒物的捕集效率,实现颗粒物超低排放要求,本试验采用喷雾与电场分区设计,搭建了预混喷雾湿式电除尘试验装置,以增强颗粒与液滴之间的凝聚作用,试验探究了电场电压、极板间距、电场风速、喷雾压力及入口浓度等参数对除尘效率的影响规律.结果表明;除尘效率随着电场电压增加,除尘效率提升,增幅先升高后降低,最后趋于平稳;减小极板间距或电场风速,能够提高除尘效率,但降低了处理风量;随着喷雾压力增大,除尘效率先增加后减小,当压力值为6MPa时,除尘效果最佳;粉尘入口浓度对除尘效率的影响程度较低,对于粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒物去除效率最高达98.5%.综上,预混喷雾湿式电除尘效果相比单一喷雾或静电除尘具有显著的增强,对于颗粒物超低排放装置的设计具有重要参考价值.     

南京冬季大气气溶胶粒子谱分布及其对能见度的影响

2009年11～12月采用宽范围气溶胶粒径谱仪（WPS）、自动气象站和能见度仪等高分辨率仪器对南京北郊气溶胶粒子的谱分布特征与气象因子的关系及其对大气能见度的影响进行研究.结果表明,数浓度谱呈双峰分布,主峰集中在0.04～0.1μm;质量浓度谱的2个主峰位于0.5～0.7μm和2.7μm左右;表面积谱的2个主峰分别位于...     

济南市秋季大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的粒径分布研究

为了解济南市大气颗粒物的粒径分布特征,于2009年10月利用多级撞击式颗粒物采样器(MOUDI)进行了大气颗粒物采集,采用离子色谱仪分析了其中水溶性离子浓度.结果表明,SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Ca2+是主要的水溶性离子,浓度总和约占总水溶性离子浓度的92%.SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+和Cl-浓度随时间变化较为显著,浓度变化主要原因是受风速以及气流来源方向的影响.SO42-和NH4+主要集中在细粒子中,其浓度呈单模态分布,随着颗粒物中含量的升高其峰值从0.32~0.56 μm粒径段逐渐移动到1~1.8 μm粒径段.NO3-浓度呈双峰分布,细粒子中的NO3-随着浓度的升高峰值从0.56~1μm粒径段移动到1~1.8μm粒径段,粗粒子中的峰值出现在3.2~5.6μm粒径段. NH4+可以完全中和细粒子中的SO42-和NO3-,在细粒子中主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在.     

北京氨源排放及其对二次粒子生成的影响

对北京氨源排放状况、以及氨对大气二次粒子生成的影响进行了初步分析 .结果表明 :各种氨源的排放中 ,使用氮肥的贡献最大 ,占 41% ,动物占 34% ,人的贡献为 22% ,污水处理厂占 2% ,而合成氨和氮肥生产只占 1% ;大气氨浓度是北京春、秋、冬3季生成二次粒子的主控因子 .     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

抗战胜利70周年大阅兵期间石家庄大气细颗粒物在线来源解析

抗战胜利70周年阅兵纪念活动空气质量保障前后,利用位于石家庄市大气自动梯度站20 m处单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)对大气细颗粒物来源进行了解析.结果表明,阅兵活动当日,大气细颗粒物的首要污染源为机动车尾气(20.9%)和燃煤(20.6%),与空气质量保障前后相比,两类源的贡献均出现不同程度的降低,且颗粒物数浓度处于较低水平,保障措施起到了较好的效果,其中"控车"和"控煤"效果更为显著.来自机动车尾气的颗粒以短链元素碳和Mn为主,来自燃煤源的颗粒物以有机碳为主,来自工艺工业源的颗粒物以有机碳和金属为主,来自扬尘源的颗粒物以硅酸盐和钙为主.保障措施结束后,颗粒物浓度迅速攀升,是低压静稳不利气象条件和东南方向低空传输共同作用结果,其中扬尘和机动车尾气的贡献增长较为突出.     

空气中总悬浮颗粒物的三种测定方法比较

本文采用大流量采样、β－射线衰减测尘仪与ＴＥＯＭ测尘仪分析测定空气中的总悬浮颗粒物,对比实验结果表明：ＴＥＯＭ法与经典大流量测定方法、β－射线衰减法测量结果均具有可比性。     

A Seven Months Prospective Study of the Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Ash from Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico

This paper describes the 7 month follow-up of 35 non-smoker farmers exposed to suspended particles of volcanic ash of Popocatepetl volcano in central Mexico during a series of small explosive eruptions which occurred the last week of 1994 and the first week of 1995 as well as several smaller eruptions until April 1995. There was concern about the effect that the ash might have on the airways. Spirometric parameters and respiratory symptoms were recorded at the baseline and 7 months after the exposure. Analysis of spirometric data showed a significant low forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) that occurred during the major exposure period. This finding was possibly acute exposure-related because 7 months later, FVC and FEV1 increased to the normal predicted values. Self-reported respiratory and ocular symptoms showed a similar pattern. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that short exposure to volcanic ash is associated with reversible inflammation of the airways. The reversibility was explained by the small total ash volume as well as by the non-fibrogenic nature of the Popocatepetl ash, because the content of free silica was less than 3.5%.     

水浴除尘器在锅炉房应用中的问题及改进

根据水浴除尘器在锅炉房中的实际应用,发现开始运行时,除渣沟内的水面上始终飘浮着米粒大小的颗粒悬浮物,极大地影响了除尘效果,通过掺加和变换煤种,这种现象得到缓解和消除.