Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: adsorption equilibrium and kinetics

IntroductionWastewatersfrombatterymanufacturing ,printing ,painting ,dyeingandotherindustrialprocessesoftencontainconsiderableamountsofheavymetalsthatwouldendangerpublichealthifdischargedwithoutadequatetreatment.Long termingestionofwatercontaininghigherco…     

掺杂型二氧化钛纳米管光催化降解甲基橙研究

利用本实验室制备的N-F原子掺杂二氧化钛纳米管作催化剂,在可见光区对甲基橙(MO)进行光催化降解实验。在催化剂用量固定为3cm2时考察了不同初始浓度、pH值、溶解氧(DO)等对降解率的影响。结果表明,在可见光区该催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;当溶液DO为19.2mg/L、pH值为3、初始浓度为10mg/L、反应时间300min时,降解率可达82.3%。     

Factors influencing antibiotics adsorption onto engineered adsorbents

The study evaluated the adsorption of two antibiotics by four engineered adsorbents (hypercrosslinked resin MN-202, macroporous resin XAD-4, activated carbon F-400, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)) from aqueous solutions. The dynamic results demonstrated the dominant influence of pore size in adsorption. The adsorption amounts of antibiotics on XAD-4 were attributed to the hydrophobic effect, whereas steric hindrance or micropore-filling played a main role in the adsorption of antibiotics by F-400 because of its high microporosity. Aside from F-400, similar patterns of pH-dependent adsorption were observed, implying the importance of antibiotic molecular forms to the adsorption process for adsorbents. Increasing the ionic concentration with CaCl2 produced particular adsorption characteristics on MWCNT at pH 2.0 and F-400 at pH 8.0, which were attributed to the highly available contact surfaces and molecular sieving, respectively. Its hybrid characteristics incorporating a considerable portion of mesopores and micropores made hypercross linked MN-202 a superior antibiotic adsorbent with high adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of MWCNT on the basis of surface area was more advantageous than that of the other adsorbents because MWCNT has a much more compact molecular arrangement.     

钛酸盐纳米管对水中氨氮的吸附特性

以P25和Na OH为原料,采用水热法制备钛酸盐纳米管(TNTs),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对材料的组成和形貌进行表征,通过其对水中氨氮的静态吸附实验,考察TNTs对水中氨氮的吸附特性及规律.结果表明碱浓度为10mol·L-1时,可以获得管长约120 nm,管径约为8 nm的钛酸盐纳米管,其对氨氮的平衡吸附量达到10. 67 mg·g-1. p H值介于3～8时,TNTs能有效地吸附水中的氨氮.吸附过程在1 h基本达到平衡,符合准二级动力学方程.颗粒内扩散方程拟合结果发现,TNTs对氨氮的吸附过程由表面吸附和颗粒内扩散共同控制. Temkin方程能较好地描述TNTs对氨氮的吸附行为.热力学实验表明钛酸盐纳米管对氨氮的吸附是自发进行的吸热过程.共存阴阳离子对氨氮的吸附具有抑制作用,分别表现为SO_4~(2-) Cl~- H_2PO_4~-、K~+ Na~+ Ca~(2+).再生的钛酸盐纳米管对氨氮循环吸附5次仍有88. 64%的吸附效果.红外光谱(FT-IR)研究表明钛酸盐纳米管对氨氮的吸附机制是TNTs层间的Na~+与溶液中的NH_4~+之间发生离子交换.钛酸盐纳米管的优良循环使用性能和大吸附容量使得其能有效地去除水中氨氮.     

聚合氯化铝微波法修饰磁性碳纳米管对水中腐殖酸的去除

用化学共沉淀法制备磁性碳纳米管,然后以聚合氯化铝(PAC)通过微波法修饰得到磁性聚合氯化铝碳纳米管复合材料,并用以去除水中的腐殖酸(HA),对复合材料的组成与结构进行了表征,考察了不同微波制备条件下复合材料去除HA的效果,研究了吸附工艺中HA去除的影响因素,对复合材料同步去除HA和浊度的可行性进行了探讨。能谱、X-射线衍射及红外光谱分析表明,PAC和磁性物质Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3成功负载于碳纳米管上。PAC修饰显著提高了磁性碳纳米管对HA的去除率。在微波功率600 W及微波时间6 min条件下得到的复合材料去除HA的效果最佳,去除率达99.15%。当HA初始质量浓度小于25 mg/L时,HA去除率较高,但高于25 mg/L后吸附量变化不大而去除率下降;HA去除率随材料投加量增大而增大,但大于0.5 g/L后基本不变;在酸性与中性条件下HA去除率较高,在碱性条件下急剧下降;对于初始质量浓度为20 mg/L的HA溶液,吸附前5 min的HA去除速率很快,90 min时达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为39.48 mg/g;温度对去除HA没有影响。控制适当的条件,可同步去除HA和浊度,去除率同步达95%以上。     

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of 4-n-octylphenol based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode

A simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was presented for the determination of 4-n-octylphenol (OP) based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). OP was directly oxidized on the MWCNTs/GCE, and the electrochemical oxidation mechanism was demonstrated by a one-electron and one-proton process in the reaction. The oxidation peak current of OP was significantly enhanced by the use of MWCNTs/GCE compared with those of bare glassy carbon electrode, suggesting that the modified electrode can remarkably improve the performance for OP determination. Factors influencing the detection processes were optimized. Under these optimal conditions, a linear relationship between concentration of OP and current response was obtained in the range of 5×10^-8 to 1×10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.5×10^-8 mol/L and correlation coefficient 0.9986. The modified electrode showed good selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and high stability.     

湿热环境对PMMA混杂纳米复合材料性能的影响

目的研究湿热环境对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)混杂纳米复合材料性能的影响。方法利用制备的水包油型杂化乳液稳定剂EMI/GO/CNTs稳定以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为油相的水包油型Pickering乳液,用偶氮二异丁氰(AIBN)为引发剂,引发Pickering乳液进行悬浮聚合,聚合产物为PMMA混杂纳米复合材料。将PMMA混杂纳米复合材料模压成型,分别在室温及50℃下进行水浸吸湿实验。采用光学显微镜对Pickering乳液液滴形貌进行分析,通过复合材料的质量变化、动态力学分析测试、导电性测试,对复合材料的吸湿率、玻璃化转变温度及导电性变化进行分析。结果用EMI/GO/CNTs稳定的以MMA为油相的水包油型Pickering乳液具有良好的稳定性,乳液液滴的尺寸分布范围较窄,分布较均匀。复合材料的吸水量随时间增加逐渐增大,达到吸湿平衡状态后,吸湿率基本不变。不同温度下水浸复合材料的吸湿速度和平衡吸湿率不同,50℃水浸比25℃水浸的复合材料的吸湿速度快且平衡吸湿率大。湿热后复合材料的玻璃化转变温度基本不变。复合材料经湿热环境处理后电导率升高1~2个数量级。结论利用制备的杂化乳液稳定剂制备出Pickering乳液并进行悬浮聚合、模压成型,制备出PMMA复合材料。经水浸湿热处理后的复合材料,其吸湿率和电导率均有一定变化,玻璃化转变温度基本不变。     

TiO2纳米管对水源水中MC-LR的光催化降解

采用“草酸+氟化铵”水相电解液体系通过阳极氧化法制备出了TiO₂纳米管材料,可有效光催化深度降解水源水中的微囊藻毒素（MC-LR）.结果表明,阳极氧化电压为20V、组分配比为1/12mol/L H₂C₂O₄·2H₂O+0.5wt% NH₄F、电解液pH值为4、阳极氧化时间1~2h的条件下制得的纳米管形貌最清晰,孔径为50nm左右,管长为250~600nm;催化剂经过500~600℃的温度煅烧后对MC-LR的光催化降解效率相对较高;pH值在3.5或8左右时,有利于MC-LR的光催化降解,且光化学反应符合准一级反应动力学模型;MC-LR的光催化降解机理主要包括产生的强氧化性·OH自由基对Adda支链共轭双键、Mdha氨基酸单双键以及Adda支链中甲氧基等部位的攻击氧化和肽键的水解.     

Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(Ⅱ) removal from aqueous solution

The capability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to adsorb lead (Pb) in aqueous solution was investigated. Batch mode adsorption experiment was conducted to determine the effects of pH, agitation speed, CNTs dosage and contact time. The removal of Pb(Ⅱ) reached maximum value 85% or 83% at pH 5 or 40 mg/L of CNTs, respectively. Higher correlation coeffcients from Langmuir isotherm model indicates the strong adsorptions of Pb(Ⅱ) on the surface of CNTs (adsorption capacity Xm = 102.04 mg/g). The results indicates tha...     

Simultaneous removal of NO and dichloromethane（CH2Cl2） over Nb-loaded cerium nanotubes catalyst

Herein, a series of niobium oxide supported cerium nanotubes（Ce NTs） catalysts with different loading amount of Nb₂O₅（0–10 wt.%） were prepared and used for selective catalytic reduction of NOxwith NH₃（NH₃-SCR） in the presence of CH₂Cl₂. Commercial V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂ catalyst was also prepared for comparison. The physcial properties and chemical properties of the Nb₂O₅ lo...