1株耐油甲醛降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

烹饪油烟的健康危害一直以来受到广泛关注.以甲醛为代表的醛类污染物是烹饪油烟排放的主要污染物之一.微生物法降解甲醛具有工艺简单、成本低及无污染等优点.本研究从烹饪油烟冷凝液中分离筛选出1株具有甲醛降解能力的菌株XF-1,经序列鉴定结合菌落形态特征及生理生化试验,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp.).该菌株具有能耐受高油环境的性能,最大耐受浓度为900 g·L^-1.在甲醛浓度为100 mg·L^-1的培养基中,菌株XF-1在34 h内的甲醛降解率为95.80%;当甲醛初始浓度<300 mg·L^-1时,菌株XF-1能够在120 h以内完全降解溶液中的甲醛;甲醛浓度为800mg·L^-1时,在96 h,菌株XF-1的降解率达到73.01%,并可耐受1.5 g·L^-1浓度的甲醛.通过单因素(p H、接种量、甲醛浓度和温度)试验,得到该菌株最佳生长温度为30℃、最佳生长pH为6左右,最佳接种量为10%.利用GC-TOF-MS进一步分...     

人工强制混合充氧及诱导自然混合对水源水库水质改善效果分析

为探究人工强制混合充氧与诱导持续混合对水质改善的影响及人工强制混合与自然混合的衔接条件,以李家河水库为例,于2017年6月至2019年4月开展水质及水文气象指标监测,分析自然过程及人工诱导混合过程各时期水温、溶解氧及水质变化特征.结果表明:①自然过程分层期持续时间长,混合期仅为2.5个月,人工诱导混合过程通过扬水曝气系统的运行, 9月底水体达到完全混合且进入降温期,诱导自然混合条件具备,表层水温、平均气温分别为20.17℃和16.5℃,此时系统关闭后水体持续自然混合,混合周期延长至5.5个月;②自然过程污染物浓度较高,混合期表层污染物浓度呈现先增加后降低的趋势,氧跃层伴随热分层出现,底部厌氧周期达6个月;③相较于自然过程,人工诱导混合过程水体等温层厌氧消除且污染物控制效果良好, 10月至翌年3月同期底层NH⁺₄-N、 TP、 Fe和Mn浓度的削减率为76.2%、 75.5%、 82.2%和82.1%,均达到地表水环境质量标准,人工诱导混合过程有利于水质改善及混合作用时效的延长.     

典型水源地地下水污染风险评价

地下水污染是由含水层本身的脆弱性与人类活动产生的污染负荷造成的。污染物的荷载可以控制或改变,但是含水层的敏感性是本质的、天然的特性。污染风险不仅取决于相对稳定、不宜改变的含水层天然特征,还取决于主观的污染活动。因此,从地下水天然防污性能、地下水污染源荷载以及地下水社会效益3个方面评价了典型水源地地下水受污染的风险。     

Effects of spatial autocorrelation and sampling design on estimates of protected area effectiveness

Estimating the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in reducing deforestation is useful to support decisions on whether to invest in better management of areas already protected or to create new ones. Statistical matching is commonly used to assess this effectiveness, but spatial autocorrelation and regional differences in protection effectiveness are frequently overlooked. Using Colombia as a case study, we employed statistical matching to account for confounding factors in park location and accounted for for spatial autocorrelation to determine statistical significance. We compared the performance of different matching procedures—ways of generating matching pairs at different scales—in estimating PA effectiveness. Differences in matching procedures affected covariate similarity between matched pairs (balance) and estimates of PA effectiveness in reducing deforestation. Independent matching yielded the greatest balance. On average 95% of variables in each region were balanced with independent matching, whereas 33% of variables were balanced when using the method that performed worst. The best estimates suggested that average deforestation inside protected areas in Colombia was 40% lower than in matched sites. Protection significantly reduced deforestation, but PA effectiveness differed among regions. Protected areas in Caribe were the most effective, whereas those in Orinoco and Pacific were least effective. Our results demonstrate that accounting for spatial autocorrelation and using independent matching for each subset of data is needed to infer the effectiveness of protection in reducing deforestation. Not accounting for spatial autocorrelation can distort the assessment of protection effectiveness, increasing type I and II errors and inflating effect size. Our method allowed improved estimates of protection effectiveness across scales and under different conditions and can be applied to other regions to effectively assess PA performance.     

Kinetic mechanism and effects of molecular structure on thermal hazards of azo compounds

In this paper, the kinetic mechanism of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN was proposed, and the effect of molecular structure on their thermal hazards based on the kinetic mechanism was investigated. Calculated by non-isothermal DSC datum, the kinetic mechanism of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN is revealed by the linear relationship between the integrated form of mechanical function and reaction time. The results indicate that the thermal decomposition process is controlled by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. Based on the determination of kinetic mechanism function, the reaction rate constants at various heating rates are directly calculated, and the intercept of the best fitting straight line of reaction rate constants with heating rate is approximately equal to the reaction rate constant under isothermal conditions. Besides, theoretical values obtained by multiplying kinetic mechanism function by reaction rate are well consistent with the experimental values, suggesting that the kinetic mechanism obtained is credible. Bond Dissociation Energies (BDE) calculated by quantum chemical equations are employed to evaluate the thermodynamics stability of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN. Depending on similar molecular structures, the influence of differentiated group structure on the thermodynamic stability represented by BDE and heat release and the kinetic stability characterized by reaction rate constant were revealed. Finally, the results demonstrate that the thermal hazard increases as the volume of substituent group and molecular weight.     

自然资源的质的评估

本文在回顾以往用经济方法和物理方法评估资源质的基础上,提出了用有效能评估自然资源质的新概念。     

我国公众参与环境决策的运行机制及其优化

本文简要论述了良好的决策机制是公众参与环境决策的基本保障,分析了当前我国公众参与环境决策运行机制存在的不足,并提出了优化其运行机制的一些思路。     

构建农民收入增长的长效机制

“三农问题”是关系国家经济和社会发展全局的问题，其核心是农民收入增长，农民收入增长的关键是构建收入增长的长效机制。本文通过分析中国农民收入的现状，从制度视角分析农民收入增长缓慢的土地制度、税费制度、金融体制、公共品供给体制以硬社会保障制度等方面原因．在此基础上提出构建中国农民收入增长长效机制的制度框架。     

天然水中过氧化氢生成及其光化学反应的研究进展

在综合近４０年来国外对天然水（地表水、大气水滴及降水）中过氧化氢研究成果的基础上，重点从天然水中过氧化氢的含量和分布、生成机理以及光化学反应三方面，对这一领域的研究进展作了综述。     

论煤矿安全长效机制中经济杠杆的作用

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的进一步完善和国民经济的持续高速发展,安全生产也面临着新的挑战。在以煤炭生产为代表的高风险行业中建立“长久”而又“有效”的安全生产机制,必须坚持科学发展观,严格遵循经济规律,充分发挥经济杠杆作用。笔者结合我国煤矿安全生产的实际状况,从加强煤矿企业资本管理制度、实行煤炭资源有偿使用制度、建立税收优惠政策、强化煤矿安全保险制度、提高职工伤亡抚恤标准、推行煤矿负责人安全风险抵押金制度和实施煤炭行业人才培养体系改革等方面,提出了煤矿安全生产长效机制建设的新举措。