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871.
Adsorptioncharacteristicsofcopperinriverscontaminatedbyacidminedrainagefromcoppermine¥LuanZhaokun;ChenMing;TangHongxiao(Resea... 相似文献
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IntroductionRecentresearchhasdemonstratedthatsorptionofhydrophobicorganiccompounds(HOC)insoilsandsedimentsiscontrolledbyorganicmatterunlessitscontentisverylow(Chiou ,1 989) .Thisisparticularlytrueinwater soilsystemsbecausewatermoleculesarepreferablyadsorbed… 相似文献
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天然气中N_2来源及其地球化学特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
天然气中N2的来源很多,其地球化学特征也不相同:①大气源N2:N2/Ar≤84,且δ15NN2≈0‰(ATM);②地壳越深部和上地幔来源的原生N2∶δ15NN2≈-2‰~+1‰.且伴生Ar的40Ar/36Ar>2000和He的3He/4He>10-6;③微生物反硝化作用生成的N2∶δ15NN2<-10‰和地下水中NO3-及NO2-浓度异常高;④未成熟沉积有机质经微生物氨化作用形成的N2∶δ15NN2<-10‰,伴生CK4的δ13C<-55‰(PDB);⑤成熟(包括高成熟)沉积有机质经热氨化作用形成的N2∶δ15NN2值≈-10‰~-1‰,且伴生CH4的δ13C≈-55‰~-30‰;⑥过成熟沉积有机质裂解产生的N2∶δ15NN2≈+5‰~+20‰;⑦沉积岩中无机及在高温变质作用下释放出的N2∶δ15NN2≈+1‰~+3.5‰,N2/Ar》84。 相似文献
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Schoenmuth BW Pestemer W 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(4):273-278
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: For decades, very large areas of former military sites have been contaminated diffusely with the persistent nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The recalcitrance of the environmental hazard TNT is to a great extent due to its particulate soil existence, which leads to slow but continuous leaching processes. Although improper handling during the manufacture of TNT seems to be a problem of the past in developed countries, environmental deposition of TNT and other explosives is still going on unfortunately, resulting from thousands of unexploded ordnance or low order explosions at munitions test areas and at current battlefields. OBJECTIVE: Sustainable phytoremediation strategies for explosives in Germany, which intend to use trees to decontaminate soil and groundwater ('dendroremediation'), have to consider that most of the former German military sites are already covered with woodlands, mainly with conifer stands. Therefore, parallel investigation of the remediation potential is necessary for both of the selected hybrids of fast growing broadleaf trees, which are waiting for planting and forest conifers, which have already proven for decades that they are able to grow on explosive contaminated sites. MAIN FEATURES: A short literature review is given regarding phytoremediation of TNT with herbaceous plants and some general aspects of dendroremediation are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of our TNT-dendroremediation research network is introduced, which has the strategic goal to make dendroremediation more calculable for a series of potent trees for site-adapted in situ application and for the assessment of tree remediation potentials in natural attenuation processes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Some of our methods, results and conclusions yet unpublished are presented. For a preliminary calculation of area-related annual TNT dendroremediation potential of five-year-old trees, the following values were assessed: Salix EW-13 6.0, Salix EW-20 8.5, Populus ZP-007 4.2, Betula pendula 5.2, Picea abies 1.9 and Pinus sylvestris 0.8 g m(-2) a(-1). For a 45-year-old spruce forest, an annual natural attenuation potential of 4.2 g TNT m(-2) a(-1) was found. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVE: Our main results deliver quantitative proposals for dendroremediation strategies in situ and provide decision aids. Also aspects of growth of raw materials for energy production are considered. Our dendroremediation research concept for TNT and its congeners can be easily completed for other trees of interest and it can also be applied to herbaceous plants. Knowing the current bottlenecks of phytoremediation and considering the known environmental behaviour of other contaminants, elements of our methodological approach may be easily adapted to those pollutant groups, e.g. for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, PAHs, chlorinated recalcitrants and, with some restrictions, to inorganics and to multiple contaminations. Our dynamical dendrotolerance test systems will help to predict tree growth on polluted areas. To provide some light into the black box of TNT dendroremediation, experimental data regarding the uptake, distribution and degradation of [14C]-TNT in mature tree tissues will be reported in the second part of this publication. 相似文献
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The big flood in the upper Elbe River catchment area has revealed a wide spectrum of problems with contaminated sediments. So far, an effective strategy for managing contaminated sediments on a river basin scale is still missing and it seems that not much has been learned from the lessons received during the last decade. In the following overview, special emphasis is given to the utilization of geochemically-based techniques for sediment remediation, which can be applied in different parts of a river basin. The examples presented here are mostly from the Elbe River catchment area. In general, new technical problem solutions need a set of practical process knowledge that uses a wide range of simulation techniques, as well as models in different spatial and temporal scales. The evaluation of recent flood events clearly demonstrates the importance of chemical expertise in the decision-making process for the sustainable development in river basins. 相似文献