乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化反应器运行性能的影响

通过间歇试验和连续流反应器的运行试验,探索了实现部分亚硝化反应的控制条件,考察了乙酸钠和无机盐对部分亚硝化工艺效能的影响.结果表明,通过控制进水碱度、溶解氧和水力停留时间,可在气升式反应器中实现稳定的部分亚硝化,反应器出水适宜后续厌氧氨氧化反应器处理.乙酸钠对部分亚硝化反应器的运行性能有重大影响.添加乙酸钠后,反应器出水氨氮浓度不变,亚硝氮、硝氮和总氮浓度减小,且变化程度与所添加的有机物浓度呈正相关,乙酸钠引发反硝化是造成影响的主要原因.短期批次试验表明,在摩尔浓度相同的条件下,NaCl、KCl和Na2SO4对氨氧化活性的影响程度接近,盐浓度为150mmol·L-1时,氨氧化活性为未添加盐时的60%.连续流试验证明,通过逐渐提高盐浓度,部分亚硝化反应器能适应25g·L-1盐度的水质.当盐度大于27g·L-1时,出水水质不合要求.亚硝酸细菌对高盐度胁迫比硝酸细菌敏感.     

对云南省省级自然保护区建设与管理的几点思考

在对云南省部分省级自然保护区现状进行调查评估的基础上,分析了省级自然保护区自身建设和管理中存在的问题和发展矛盾,进而对保护区的有效管理、生物多样性保护和资源的可持续利用提出了建议。     

论自然保护区的生态旅游开发

文章认为自然保护区具有典型多样的自然生态系统,适合于开展生态旅游活动.自然保护区实行封闭管理,将保护区的保护与当地社会发展相隔离的做法无法实现真正的保护,生态旅游的开展对自然保护区的保护工作具有积极意义.为了实现自然保护区生态旅游的积极作用,文章提出了确定开发等级、生态规划、容量限制、功能分区、突出保护主题及公平发展等开发原则.     

浅谈可持续发展的生态伦理观念

建立一种新的道德观念—可持续发展的生态伦理观念,以强化人类自我约束,合理协调人与自然的关系,最终实现可持续发展。     

苏州园林水体生态化治理之路探讨

水是苏州园林的重要组成要素,随着城市的迅猛发展,园林水脉割断、水生生态系统不完善,水体自净能力降低,苏州园林的水环境状况受到很大影响。通过对苏州园林传统水环境保护手法的梳理,提出通过改造河池护坡,修复水生生态系统等师法自然的方法,开发纳米气泡法、生态基法等生态新技术,以及加强园林水循环,重塑优美的园林水景观。     

海子山自然保护区生态环境质量评价

海子山自然保护区生态环境独特,珍稀濒危动物富集,但在人类干扰下,其生态环境逐步恶化。本文采用层次分析法,选取自然性、多样性、代表性、稀有性、生态脆弱性、面积适宜性、人类干扰等7项指标对该自然保护区的生态环境质量进行定量评价。结果表明,该自然保护区自然性赋值为4分,多样性赋值为3分,代表性赋值为4分,稀有性赋值为4分,生态脆弱性赋值为3分,面积适宜性赋值为4分,人类干扰赋值为2分,综合评价指数为0.78,生态环境质量较好,但今后仍应加大该区的保护与管理。     

Preferences and willingness to pay for close to home nature for outdoor recreation in Sweden

In Sweden there is a strong tradition of using nature areas for outdoor recreation. This paper reports on a study which explored preferences and willingness to pay for outdoor recreation close to home (≤100 km away from home and ≤24 hours stay at a recreation site) using the contingent valuation method. The data originated from a mail survey that involved Swedish residents who were randomly selected from a national register. An ordinary least squares regression model was used to account for factors influencing willingness to pay. The results showed that approximately 50% of the respondents used nature areas close to their home for recreation and their average frequency of visits to these areas was 74 times annually. Areas dominated by forests were the most preferred, followed by water. The respondents were willing to pay approximately 7200 SEK (US$1080) annually. Their willingness to pay was influenced by factors such as type of nature area, distance to and time spent at the recreation site and income. The results provide one input to the land use planning process by considering the demand for nature-based outdoor recreation close to home.     

羊毛吸声毡在演艺建筑中的应用——以无锡大剧院为例

羊毛吸声毡是一种新开发的绿色环保吸声材料,采用羊毛纺织工业弃用的粗羊毛制成。羊毛吸声毡具有优异的防火、声学和环保性能,在文化演艺建筑中得到了大量应用。     

Evaluating the influence of nature connection and values on conservation attitudes at a tropical deforestation frontier

Inner phenomena, such as personal motivations for pursuing sustainability, may be critical levers for improving conservation outcomes. Most conservation research and policies, however, focus on external phenomena (e.g., ecological change or economic processes). We explored the factors shaping 9 conservation attitudes toward forest and wildlife protection among colonist farmers around an Amazonian deforestation frontier. Our data comprised 241 face-to-face quantitative surveys, complemented with qualitative insights from open-ended questionnaire responses and opportunistic semistructured interviews. To account for the full spectrum of possible inner motivations, we employed measures of nature connection (indicating biospheric motivation) and personal values organized around the traditionalism (traditionalist through to high openness to change) and universalism dimensions (egoistic through to altruistic motivations). We used averaged beta-binomial generalized linear models to assess the role of external factors (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and environmental) and personal (inner) motivations on the variation in attitudes. Each attitude was modeled separately. The relative importance of each predictor was judged by the proportion of models where it appeared as significant. Proconservation views were expressed by the majority (at least 65%) of the respondents in 7 out of the 9 attitude models. The most consistent predictors were emotional nature connection and personal values (significant in 4–6 out of 9 models), rather than external phenomena (significant in 0–5 models). However, the poorest farmers had lower scores on the agreement with prioritizing nature over development (𝛽 = –0.52, 95% CI: –0.96 to –0.07). Qualitative data also indicated that economic barriers hinder forest conservation on farms. These results suggest that biospheric, traditionalistic, and altruistic motivations promote people's proconservation attitudes, but nurturing these latent motivations is unlikely to improve conservation outcomes if material poverty remains unaddressed. Integrating the inner–outer perspective into conservation thinking and practical interventions could foster environmental stewardship and increase human well-being.     

经济发达地区城市灾害综合应对能力评价分析——以珠江三角洲城市为例

以我国经济发达的珠江三角洲经济区城市作为研究对象,构建了城市自然灾害综合应对能力评价指标体系,在实证测算研究的基础上,对经济快速发展过程中珠三角城市自然灾害应对能力的时空演变规律、协调度特征等进行了分析和研究,对综合评价城市灾害管理水平具有一定的理论和实践意义。