浅谈特种设备检验机构的独立性公正性和公益服务性

本文针对特种设备检验的社会化问题进行了探讨,着重对社会检验机构的独立性、公正性和公益服务性问题进行了分析。就如何更好的保证特种设备安全的情况下引进民间资本参与检验以及如何确保检验机构的公正性和公益服务性提出了自己的见解。     

电梯接地保护与检验

良好的接地保护是维护电梯正常运行的重要措施,同时为检修作业人员的安全提供强有力的保障,因此是电梯检验中一个重要的项目。文章先对接地保护的概念进行澄清,接着介绍低压系统的几种接地型式,通过比较得出适用于电梯的接地系统,最后结合检规的要求介绍了有关的检验方法并指出日常检验中接地线存在的问题。     

Requirements for improved process hazard analysis (PHA) methods

In order to develop better process hazard analysis (PHA) approaches, weaknesses in current approaches first must be identified and understood. Criteria can then be developed that new and improved approaches must meet. Current PHA methods share common weaknesses such as their inability specifically to address multiple failures, their identification of worst-consequence rather than worst-risk scenarios, and their focus on individual parts of a process. There has been no comprehensive analysis of these systemic weaknesses in the literature. Weaknesses are identified and described in this paper to assist in the development of improved approaches. Knowledge of the weaknesses also allows PHA teams to compensate for them to the extent possible when performing studies.Key criteria to guide the development of improved methods are proposed and discussed. These criteria include a structure that facilitates meaningful brainstorming of scenarios, ease of understanding and application of the method by participants, ability to identify scenarios efficiently, completeness of scenario identification, exclusion of extraneous scenarios, ease of updating and revalidating studies, and ease of meeting regulatory requirements. Some proposals are made for moving forward with the development of improved methods including the semi-automation of studies and improvements in the training of team members.     

System safety principles: A multidisciplinary engineering perspective

System safety is of particular importance for many industries. Broadly speaking, it refers to the state or objective of striving to sustainably ensure accident prevention through actions on multiple safety levers (technical, organizational, and regulatory). While complementary to risk analysis, it is distinct in one important way: risk analysis is anticipatory rationality examining the possibility of adverse events (or accident scenarios), and the tools of risk analysis support and in some cases quantify various aspects of this analysis effort. The end-objective of risk analysis is to help identify and prioritize risks, inform risk management, and support risk communication. These tools however do not provide design or operational guidelines and principles for eliminating or mitigating risks. Such considerations fall within the purview of system safety.In this work, we propose a set of five safety principles, which are domain-independent, technologically agnostic, and broadly applicable across industries. While there is a proliferation of detailed safety measures (tactics) in specific areas and industries, a synthesis of high-level safety principles or strategies that are independent of any particular instantiation, and from which specific safety measures can be derived or related to, has pedagogical value and fulfills an important role in safety training and education. Such synthesis effort also supports creativity and technical ingenuity in the workforce for deriving specific safety measures, and for implementing these principles and handling specific local or new risks. Our set of safety principles includes: (1) the fail-safe principle; (2) the safety margins principle; (3) the un-graduated response principle (under which we subsume the traditional “inherently safe design” principle); (4) the defense-in-depth principle; and (5) the observability-in-depth principle. We carefully examine each principle and provide examples that illustrate their use and implementation. We relate these principles to the notions of hazard level, accident sequence, and conditional probabilities of further hazard escalation or advancement of an accident sequence. These principles are a useful addition to the intellectual toolkit of engineers, decision-makers, and anyone interested in safety issues, and they provide helpful guidelines during system design and risk management efforts.     

Optimization of HSE in maintenance activities by integration of continuous improvement cycle and fuzzy multivariate approach: A gas refinery

Gas refineries have been continuously focusing on Health, Safety and Environment programs to improve maintenance activities. Several researches have studied on this area with different analysis methods. This study presents an integrated approach for optimization of factors contributing to the implementation of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in maintenance activities. HSE managers in each sector answered standard questionnaire whit respect to HES. The methodology is based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and Deming's continuous improvement cycle. Also, this method is used to rank the relevant performance efficiencies in certain and uncertain conditions of each HSE sectors whit considering HSE in maintenance activities. It corresponds and integrates its registered HSE-MS with OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO 14001:2004 to evaluate multiple inputs and outputs of over 36 subsidiary HSE divisions with parallel mission and objectives simultaneously. Also, it determines efficient target indices and could assure continuous improvement in the organization. This is the first study that introduces an integrated approach to improve HSE management programs in a gas refinery by a robust and continuous improvement approach.     

城市重大危险源分布合理性与可持续发展

可持续发展是世界各国积极采用的一种发展生产和经济建设的社会模式,它在谋求人类社会全面进步的同时,更注重经济、社会和环境的协调发展。以南京市为研究对象,分析评价了城市重大危险源的分布合理性,目的是能够为有效地预防和控制南京市的重大灾害,提供可行的建设性方案,使经济损失和对社会心理创伤降低到最低限度,有力地推动南京市可持续发展。     

ISM在事故原因层次分析中的应用

基于复杂系统结构特征的分析方法和模型,对事故原因进行分类,将事故的9类常见原因分为5类,通过事故原因之间的影响关系,可生成达成矩阵,从而明确了不同层次之间的关系,并对同一层要素之间的关系进行了关联分析,该项研究为事故预防提供了一个新途径,对提高企业的安全管理水平有一定的参考价值。     

运用"6 σ管理法"的思想改善安全管理

尝试将“6σ管理法”的思想引入安全管理活动中,把安全管理活动设计成一定的管理流程,通过分析流程中每个过程的偏差或缺陷,从而找出消除偏差或缺陷的方法并加以实施,追求安全管理的精细和完美,最终实现安全生产。     

韶钢外委项目安全管理措施

随着企业用工制度的改革和深化,多层次、多方位、多形式的用工体系已经形成,给企业固有的安全管理网络体系形成了较大的冲击,特别是《安全生产法》的全面实施,给企业的安全管理工作赋予了更多的内容。针对韶钢外委项日实际情况,论述了外委项目安全管理的措施。     

安全生产技术支撑体系建立的研究

为了解决安全生产事故预防和事故处理方面的技术保障问题,加强对安全生产的监督和监察,必须建立各级安全生产技术支撑体系专业中心。建设的目的是围绕加强灾害事故的鉴定分析、灾害预防、安全技术的研究以及直接为国家各级安全生产监管监察机构履行职责提供技术支撑等。就省级企事业中非矿行业的安全生产技术支撑体系的建立作了初步研究,提出自己的观点,为各级工业安全生产技术支撑体系中心的建立提供可参考的依据。