空间信息技术在云南山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用探讨

以云南德钦至贡山四级公路为例，探讨了空间信息技术在山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用，提出了空间信息技术在山地公路环境影响评价中的应用技术路线，并对应用中存在的主要问题进行了探讨。     

重庆市建筑工地PM10污染状况调查

报导了重庆城市不同类型建筑工地PM10污染状况。为了解城市建筑工地对大气环境中PM10污染的影响。对重庆市主城区典型在建工地，建成工地和施工前工地的PM10污染状况进行了现场监测。结果表明，在建的江北滨江路工地PM10的污染很严重，日均值为0.326mg/m^3，建工地PM10平均浓度比建成工地高82.1%。比施工前工地高78.1%。这应引起相关部门的高度重视，对在建工地采取有效措施予以管理。     

煤矿区环境与经济协调发展问题探讨

本文遵循系统论的观点，以可持续发展理论为指导，通过分析煤矿区环境与经济系统的特征，建立了环境与系统协调模型，并分析了模型在评价应用中的优缺点。在此基础上对煤矿区环境与经济协调发展，提出了几点看法。     

抓好农村环境教育

解决农村的环境问题，首要的是提高人们的环境意识，加强环境教育。农村环境教育，主要是领导层的教育，对广大农民的教育内容要丰富，形式要多样，要贴近生活要有针对性，政府要有措施作保障。     

空间信息技术在云南山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用探讨

以云南德钦至贡山四级公路为例,探讨了空间信息技术在山地公路生态环境影响评价中的应用,提出了空间信息技术在山地公路环境影响评价中的应用技术路线,并对应用中存在的主要问题进行了探讨。     

大连-烟台海底光缆路由区硫化物分布规律及成因探讨

通过对大连.烟台海底光缆路由区海底土中的硫化物含量分布规律的研究,发现路由区表层海底土中硫化物含量最高为47.1×10-6,分布在路由的北端;最低含量在检出限以下(即＜0.5×10-6),分布在路由的中部和南部的大部分区域.1.0～1.5 m层海底土中硫化物含量均在检出线以下.说明表层海底土中硫化物的含量远大于1.0～1.5 m层海底土中硫化物含量.对其原因进行分析,发现该海底土中硫化物含量的分布规律主要受海底土类型和水动力特征的影响和制约.     

煤矿区煤尘污染预测研究

煤矿区煤尘污染的预测 ,目前主要采用类比和风洞试验两种方法。第一种方法简便、费用低、省时 ,但结果可靠性差 ,不符合高精度大项目的要求 ;第二种方法精度可靠 ,能满足高精度的要求 ,但是费用高 ,时间长 ,对精度要求不高的中小型项目来说也没有这个必要。为此 ,利用煤田地质勘探资料—煤层筛分结果来预测煤尘对矿区环境的污染。     

Sensitivity and Vulnerability in Marine Environments: an Approach to Identifying Vulnerable Marine Areas

Abstract:  Marine environments have suffered from a lack of quantitative methods for delineating areas that are sensitive or vulnerable to particular stresses, natural and anthropogenic. We define sensitivity as the degree to which marine features respond to stresses, which are deviations of environmental conditions beyond the expected range. Vulnerability can then be defined as the probability that a feature will be exposed to a stress to which it is sensitive. Using these definitions, we provide a quantitative methodology for identifying vulnerable marine areas based on valued ecological features, defined as biological or physical features, processes, or structures deemed by humans to have environmental, social, cultural, or economic significance. The vulnerability of the valued ecological features is a function of their sensitivity to particular stresses and their vulnerability to those stresses. We used the methodology to demonstrate how vulnerable marine areas for two groups of endangered whale species (inshore and offshore) could be identified with a predictive habitat model and acoustic stress surfaces. Acoustic stress surfaces were produced for ferry traffic, commercial shipping traffic, potential offshore oil production, and small-boat traffic. The vulnerabilities of the two whale groups to the four stressors considered in this example were relatively similar; however, inshore species were more sensitive to on-shelf, coastal activities such as offshore hydrocarbon production, ferry traffic, and small-boat traffic. Our approach demonstrates how valued features can be associated with stresses and the likelihood of encountering these stresses (vulnerability) in order to identify geographic areas for management and conservation purposes. The method can be applied to any combination of valued ecological features and stressors.     

Conservation and Community Benefits from Traditional Coral Reef Management at Ahus Island, Papua New Guinea

Abstract:  We investigated traditional coral reef management practices at Ahus Island, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea, to evaluate their social role in the community and potential to conserve reef ecosystems. For generations, Ahus Islanders have prohibited spear and net fishing within six delineated areas of their reef lagoon. One to three times per year, fish are briefly harvested from the restricted areas to provide food for ceremonial occasions. Underwater visual censuses of fishes revealed a significantly greater biomass and average size of target species within the restricted areas (205 kg/ha ± 20 [SE]; 102 mm TL [total length]± 0.7) compared with areas without fishing restrictions (127 kg/ha ± 13 SE; 85 mm TL ± 0.7). We estimated the biomass of fish removed during one of the harvest events was 5 to 10% of the available biomass within the restricted area, and in underwater visual surveys conducted before and after a harvesting event we detected no effect of harvesting on fish stocks. Compliance with the fishing restriction is attributed to its perceived legitimacy, its ability to provide the community with direct and indirect benefits, and its reflection of local socioeconomic circumstances. Limited-take closure systems that can serve the needs of a community may provide a viable conservation alternative in situations where compliance with fully closed protected-area regulations is low and resources for proper enforcement are untenable.     

隧道掘进爆破振动对围岩影响的HHT分析

为了探究隧道掘进爆破振动信号在围岩等级改变处的传播衰减特性,以新建铁路北京至沈阳客运专线（辽宁段）TJ-1标三棱山隧道为工程背景,采用理论分析与现场试验相结合的方法,基于TC-4850监测试验数据,对爆破质点振速时程曲线进行EMD分解和Hilbert变换。依据测点3个方向的边际谱和瞬时能量谱,分析爆破振动能量在时域和频域的分布规律,进而可以得出各频带的能量百分比以及总能量与距离的关系曲线。通过分析地震波信号沿隧道围岩传播衰减性质可以得出:爆破振动能量在频域上分布具有各向异性,而且在垂直方向上具有数量比例高、所占频带低的特点;隧道掘进爆破振动总能量在围岩等级改变处出现“断崖式”衰减,且在Ⅳ级围岩中相对衰减率更高,衰减更为迅速。